Gross Anatomy (Thorax) Flashcards
The region of the body located between the neck and abdomen is referred to as ______________
Thorax
The _____________ separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
Viscerals found within the thoracic cavity
Lungs
Heart
Sternum
12 ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
The above components make up the _____________
Thoracic cage
The sternum is made up of a ________________, __________________ and _________________
Manubrium (Head)
Body
Xiphoid process
The jugular notch of the sternum is otherwise called ____________________
Suprasternal notch
The manubrium is located at what thoracic vertebrae level
T2-T4 levels of the thoracic vertebrae
The most medically important part of the sternum is the ________________
Sternal angle/manubriosternal junction/Angle of louis
The sternum articulates how many ribs?
1st to 7th ribs
Ribs of the thoracic cage travel in what direction?
Posterior laterally
Gaps in-between the ribs are called ________________
Intercostal spaces
The thoracic cage consists of how many ribs and how many spaces?
12 ribs
11 spaces
Ribs in the thoracic cage are classified as _________________ and _________________ based on where they attach
True ribs
False ribs
Which ribs are considered true ribs? And why?
Ribs 1-7
Because they have an attachment with both the sternum and the thoracic vertebrae
True ribs are also called __________________
Vertebrosternal ribs
Which ribs are considered False ribs?
Ribs 8-12
Ribs 11 and 12 are called _____________ ribs?
Floating
Ribs 8, 9, and 10 are also called ________________
Vertebrochondral ribs
Ribs of the thoracic cage are classified as ________________ and _______________ based on their features
Typical
Atypical
Ribs 1, 2, 10, 11 and 12 are classified as _________________ ribs based on their features
Atypical
Ribs 3-9 are classified as _______________ ribs based on their features
Typical ribs
Parts of a rib
Head
Neck
Tubercle
Shaft
Which of the thoracic vertebrae are considered atypical
1st and Last four thoracic vertebrae
Which of the thoracic vertebrae are considered typical
2nd to 8th thoracic vertebrae
There are _____ muscles of the thorax
A) 4
B) 3
C) 5
D) 6
5
External intercostal muscle
Internal intercostal muscle
Innermost intercostal muscle
Subcostalis muscle
Transverse thoracis muscle
_____________________ supply innervation to the intercostal muscles of the thorax
Intercostal nerves T1-T11
Organ of respiration
Located on either side of the mediastinum
Surrounded by a pleura cavity
The above organ is the _______________
Lung
The lungs are divided into lobes by grooves called _______________
Fissures
The right lung has _________ lobes as the left lung has ___________ lobes
Right- 3 lobes
Left- 2 lobes
The base of the right lung has a deeper concavity than the left lung due to _____________
Higher position of diaphragm
_____________ forms the base of the lungs
The diaphragm
The deep depression on the anterior border of the left lung caused by the heart is called ______________
Cardiac notch
Lungs receive parasympathetic innervation from the _____________ nerve
Vagus
Where is the origin and insertion of the diaphragm?
Lumbar vertebrae (posteriorly)
Xiphoid process (anteriorly)
Costal cartilages 7-10 and ribs 11&12
Mention the three pathways through the diaphragm
Caval hiatus
Esophageal hiatus
Aortic hiatus
What pathway through the diaphragm opens at the level of the 8th rib?
Caval hiatus
What pathway through the diaphragm opens at the level of the 10th rib?
Esophageal hiatus
What pathway through the diaphragm opens at the level of the 12th rib?
Aortic hiatus
During inspiration, the diaphragm ________________
Contracts
During expiration, the diaphragm ______________
Relaxes
The left and right diaphragm are supplied by what nerves?
Left diaphragm- Left phrenic nerve
Right diaphragm- Right phrenic nerve
The _______________ nerve that supplies the diaphragm originates from the spinal roots _________________
Phrenic nerve
Spinal roots C3-C5
The pleura that covers the apex of the lungs is called the _____________ pleura
Cervical
The xiphisternal angle can be palpated at the level of the _________ vertebrae
T9 vertebrae
The superior angle of the scapula can be palpated at the level of the _________ vertebrae
T2 vertebrae
The spine of the scapula can be palpated at the level of the _________ vertebrae
T3 vertebrae
The inferior angle of the scapula can be palpated at the level of the _________ vertebrae
T7 vertebrae
The apex of the heart can be palpated at what are of the thoracic cage?
5th intercostal space
The sternal angle can be palpated at what level of the thoracic vertebrae?
Vertebral disc between T4 and T5
The manubrium can be palpated at what level of the thoracic vertebrae?
Vertebral disc between T2 and T3
The apex of the lungs projects into the ______________
Root of the neck
Above the 1st rib
The nipple is located at what level of the thoracic cage in men?
4th intercostal space
Upper margin of the heart
Beginning and end of the aortic arch
The above descriptions are landmarks for the ________________
Sternal angle
The tricuspid valve of the heart is felt at what level of the thoracic cage?
Behind the center of the sternum
The cardiac notch is flat at what level of the thoracic cage?
Behind the 5th and 6th costal cartilages
The semilunar valves of the heart are felt at what level of the thoracic cage?
Deep to the left 3rd sternocostal junction
________________ organ can be felt at the level of the suprasternal notch
The trachea
__________________ vertebrae can be palpated below the C7 vertebrae
Thoracic
The roots of the lungs are located at what vertebral level?
T4-T6
The trachea begins where the __________ ends
Larynx
The trachea travels from what vertebral level to what vertebral level?
C6 (Lower border of Cricoid cartilage level)
To
T4/T5 (Manubriosternal joint level)
