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MRCPsych > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells are exclusively found in the cerebellum?

A

Purkinje cells - send inhibitory projections to deep cerebellar nuclei

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2
Q

Where are mirror neurons found?

A

Inferior frontal cortex

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3
Q

What is the function of the angular gyrus?

A

Language - region of inferior parietal lobe

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4
Q

What would lesion in angular gyrus cause?

A

Anomia

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5
Q

What type of substances can penetrate the BBB?

A

Lipophilic - caffeine, ethanol

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6
Q

What are the features of left hemisphere lesions?

A 
Alexia
Agraphia
Acalculia
Colour anomia without aphasia
Broca's aphasia
Wernicke's aphasia 
Gerstmann's syndrome
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7
Q

What are the features of a right hemisphere lesion?

A 
Constructional apraxia
Prospagnosia
Visual spatial agnosia 
Receptive amusia 
Contralateral neglect
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8
Q

CSF circulation

A

Lateral –> 3rd ventricle via foramina of Monroe
3rd –> 4th via aqueduct of sylvius
4th –> subarachnoid space via foramen of magendie or foramina of Luschka

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9
Q

Where do neural crest cells originate from?

A

Neural tube

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10
Q

Where is the ventral tegmental area located?

A

Midbrain - contains dopaminergic cells that give rise to mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway

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11
Q

How are neuronal cells classified?

A

Golgi type 1 - long axon
Golgi type 2 - short axon
Amacrine neuron - no axon

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12
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?

A

Structural support for neurons, forming CNS neuroglial scar, phagocytosis and contribute to BBB

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13
Q

Pure sensory cranial nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Vestibulocochlear

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14
Q

Pure motor cranial nerves

A 
Oculomotor 
Trochlear 
Abducens 
Accessory 
Hypoglossal
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15
Q

Which structure supplies the internal capsule?

A

Circle of Willis

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16
Q

Where would you find the dentate gyrus?

A

Hippocampus

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17
Q

What does the carotid system supply?

A

Language areas - lesion can produce transient aphasia

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18
Q

Which area of the brain is associated with ‘social valuation’?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

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19
Q

What does the telencephalon give rise to?

A

Cerebral hemispheres - contains pallium, rhinencephalon and basal ganglia

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20
Q

What does the diencephalon give rise to?

A

Thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus - gives rise to pineal gland

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21
Q

What does mesencephalon give rise to?

A

Tectum
Basis pedunculi
Tegmentum - red nucleus,

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22
Q

What does the Rhombencephalon include?

A

Metencephalon - pons, oral part of medulla and cerebellum

Myelencephalon - caudal part of medulla

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23
Q

What is the function of an endosome?

A

Recycling of cell membrane

24
Q

What divides frontal and temporal lobe?

A

Lateral sulcus

25
Q

Which artery supplies most of the corpus callosum?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

26
Q

What vessel supplies the dentate gyrus?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

27
Q

What are the components of the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus

28
Q

What forms the lentiform nucleus?

A

Putamen & Globus Pallidus

29
Q

OCD is associated with abnormality to which part of the brain?

A

Lentiform nucleus

30
Q

Where is the satiety centre?

A

Ventromedial hypothalamus

31
Q

Where is the feeding centre?

A

Lateral hypothalamus

32
Q

Which is largest of all neuron in the brain?

A

Betz cells - located in 5th layer of grey matter

33
Q

Which lobe initially affected in Alzheimers?

A

Temporal - especially hippocampal areas

34
Q

What are the earliest findings seen in Alzheimer’s?

A

Medial temporal lobe atrophy

Loss of hippocampal volume

35
Q

What are lesions of the subthalamic nucleus associated with?

A

Hemiballismus

36
Q

Projection fibres

A

Run vertically - connect higher and lower centres

37
Q

Association fibres

A

Different regions in the same hemisphere

38
Q

Commissural fibres

A

Similar regions in opposite hemispheres

39
Q

What does the anterior commissure connect?

A

Olfactory bulbs

40
Q

What is the fornix?

A

White matter tract

41
Q

What does the fornix connect?

A

Hippocampus to hypothalamus via mammillary bodies

42
Q

What does the Uncinate fasciulus connect?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex to anterior temporal lobes

43
Q

Which layer would you not find stellate cells in?

44
Q

What is the predominant cell in layer 1?

A

Glial cells

45
Q

How many layers does the cerebellar cortex have?

46
Q

What are the 4 types of glial cells?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
47
Q

How is the BBB effective against molecules?

A

Endothelial cells have tight junctions with high electrical resistance

48
Q

Which parts of the brain do not have a BBB?

A
  1. Subfornical organ
  2. Area postrema
  3. Median eminence
  4. Posterior pituitary
49
Q

Where does most of the brains serotonergic neurons originate from?

A

Dorsal and median raphe nuclei

50
Q

Where does most of brains noradrenergic neurons originate?

A

Locus coeruleus (pons)

51
Q

Gyrus involved in face recognition

A

Fusiform gyrus

52
Q

Gyrus noted to have reduced grey matter volume in Schizophrenia

A

Superior temporal gyrus

53
Q

Gyrus involved in dreaming

54
Q

Excessive dopaminergic activity in which area is suggested as the major pathway in psychosis?

55
Q

Where is fusiform gyrus?

A

Temporal lobe

56
Q

What age does child go through phallic stage?

MRCPsych (19 decks)

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