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Basic pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

How does Buspirone work?

A

5HT1A partial agonist

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2
Q

What class of drug was the first antidepressant?

A

MAO inhibitor - Iproniazid

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3
Q

Give an example of a Benzisoxazole derivative

A

Risperidone

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4
Q

Give an example of a Benzisothiazole

A

Ziprasidone

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5
Q

What are some substituted benzamides?

A

Sulpride

Amisulpride

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6
Q

What are some butyrophenones?

A

Haloperidol
Droperidol
Benperidol

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7
Q

Example of a thienobenzodiazepine

A

Olanzapine

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8
Q

MOA of cyproterone acetate

A

Testosterone antagonist

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9
Q

What is milnacipran?

A

SNRI

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10
Q

What class of drug does buproprion belong to?

A

Aminoketone

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11
Q

Which group of people should you avoid Buproprion in?

A

Epileptic patients

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12
Q

Is the risk of seizures greater with immediate or slow release prep of buproprion?

A

Immediate

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13
Q

MOA of moclobemide

A

Reversible inhibitor of MAO-A

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14
Q

Bowden was associated with which study

A

Valproate in acutely manic patients

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15
Q

What is the MAO of acamprosate?

A

Synthetic taurine analogue

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16
Q

MOA of donepezil

A

AChE-I (selective and reversible)

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17
Q

MOA rivastigmine

A

AChE-I (reversible, non-competitive)

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18
Q

MOA Galantamine

A

AChE-I (competitive and reversible)

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19
Q

MOA Memantine

A

Non-competitive NMDA antagonist

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20
Q

Half life of donepezil

A

70 hours

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21
Q

Half life of memantine

A

60-100 hours

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22
Q

Historically, what was the difference between major and minor tranquilizers?

A

Major - antipsychotics

Minor - benzos and barbituates

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23
Q

Chemical class of zopiclone

A

Cyclopyrrolone

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24
Q

Chemical class of Zolpidem

A

Imidazopyridine

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25
Q

Chemical class of Zapelon

A

pyrazopyrimidine

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26
Q

Chemical class of flupentixol

A

Thioxanthine

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27
Q

MOA lofexidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

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28
Q

What can lofexidine be used for?

A

Relieve symptoms of opioid withdrawal

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29
Q

When are a drugs potential carcinogenicity, organ system toxicity and mutagenicity studied?

A

Preclinical animal phase

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30
Q

What are the secondary amines?

A

Desipramine
Amoxapine
Nortriptyline
Protriptyline

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31
Q

MOA buproprion

A

Noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitor

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32
Q

First line treatment for OCD

A

SSRIs

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33
Q

What class of drug does Zimeldine belong to?

34
Q

What was the first SSRI?

35
Q

What did Kline discover?

36
Q

What did Cade discover?

A

Lithium in mania

37
Q

When was the first antidepressant discovered?

38
Q

What is imipramine a derivative of?

A

Chlorpromazine

39
Q

Who discovered chlordiazepoxide?

A

Leo Sternbach

40
Q

Who discovered imipramine?

41
Q

Who synthesised haloperidol?

42
Q

What is haloperidol synthesised from?

43
Q

Who described the cheese reaction?

44
Q

Who synthesised risperidone?

45
Q

Who synthesised Zimeldine?

46
Q

Who rediscovered clozapine?

47
Q

What chemical class does chlorpromazine belong to?

A

Aliphatic phenothiazine

48
Q

What is the chemical class of thioridazine and pipothiazine?

A

Phenothiazine - piperidine side chain

49
Q

What is the chemical class of trifluoperazine and fluphenazine?

A

Phenothiazine - piperizine side chain

50
Q

Example of a diphenylbutylpiperidine

51
Q

Class of clozapine

A

Dibenzodiazepine

52
Q

Class of Risperidone

A

Benzoxasoles

53
Q

Class of Olanzapine

A

Thienobenzodiazepine

54
Q

Which drug is a dibenzothiazepine?

A

Quetiapine

55
Q

Example of a Arylpiperidylindole

A

Aripiprazole

56
Q

Tertiary amines

A 
Clomipramine 
Amitriptyline 
Imipramine 
Trimipramine 
Dosulepin 
Venlafaxine
57
Q

Class of buspirone

A

Azaspironedecanedione

58
Q

Class of trazodone

A

Triazolopyridine

59
Q

Which drug is a NARI?

A

Reboxetine

60
Q

Which drug is a Noradrenaline Dopamine Disinhibitor (NDDI)?

A

Agomelatine

61
Q

Example of Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antagonist (NaSSA)?

A

Mirtazapine

Mianserin

62
Q

Example of a dopamine reuptake inhibitor

A

Buproprion

63
Q

MOA of meclobemide

A

Reversible inhibitor of MOA-A

64
Q

Which drugs are serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARI)?

A

Trazodone

Nefazodone

65
Q

MOA of Xanomeline

A

M1/M4 agonist

66
Q

What is a nocebo?

A

When a substance administered as a placebo produces prominent side effects

67
Q

What is placebo sag?

A

Decrease in placebo effect with repeated administration of placebo drugs

68
Q

Is placebo better for severe or mild pain?

69
Q

Is placebo better for severe or mild depression?

70
Q

Difference between capsule and tablet in placebo

A

Capsules perceived to be stronger

71
Q

Name 4 placebo theories

A
  1. Natural remission theory
  2. Measurement regression
  3. Conditioning theory
  4. Role of endogenous opioids
72
Q

In placebos, what is the unconditioned stimulus?

A

the placebo effect of active medications

73
Q

What are the conditioned stimuli?

A

The vehicle in which the medication is delivered

74
Q

What is assessed in phase 1 human trials?

A

Safety - is the drug safe for human subjects

Small group of volunteers

75
Q

Which drug testing stage is pharmacokinetics studied?

76
Q

What is assessed in phase 2 clinical trial?

A

Effectiveness

Hundreds of patients with target disease in comparison to placebo

77
Q

What is assessed in phase 3 clinical trial?

A

Superiority or equivalence to standard

Double blinded RCT

78
Q

What happens in post-marketing surveillance stage?

A

Assess for less common side effects which could potentially lead to drug withdrawal

79
Q

Post marketing surveillance of thalidomide (analgesic)

A

Phocomelia

80
Q

Post marketing surveillance finding of nefazadone

A

Hepatotoxicity

81
Q

Post marketing surveillance of sertindole

A

Sudden cardiac death

MRCPsych (19 decks)

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