Descriptive psychology Flashcards
What is an overvalued idea?
A belief that is neither delusional nor obsessional but influences a persons life to a notable extent
When does crowding of thoughts occur?
Schizophrenia
What is stereotypy?
Repetitive, non-goal directed motor activity
The doppleganger phenomenon is best described as what type of disturbance?
Ideational disturbance
In which syndrome are pseudohallucinations seen?
Ganser
What is mitgehen?
A form of extreme cooperation in which a patient moves their body in the direction of the slightest pressure on the part of the examiner. Once the pressure stops, the body moves back to the original position.
How is concrete thinking tested?
Proverb testing
Retardation in depressive disorder is a disturbance of what?
Disturbed stream of thought
When the word pink is considered, linked words such as barbie are activated in the brain. What is the called?
Direct priming
What is catalepsy?
Patient maintains unusual posture for long period of time with no resistance to passive movement
What is advertance?
Where schizophrenic patient turns fully towards doctor when spoken to
What is aversion?
Where schizophrenic patient turns completely away from examiner
What is automatic obedience?
Patient carries out every instruction regardless of the consequence
What are some characterisitics of schizophrenic auditory hallucinations?
- Increase in background noise reduces severity
- Voices have different accent but same language
- Never continuous, always episodic
What is a mannerism?
A repetitive act that is apparently goal-directed but not necessary or required
What is a perceptual distortion?
Change in perception resulting from a change in intensity and quality of the stimulus or the spatial form of the perception
What is dereistic thinking?
Unrealistic thinking
What are some formal thought disorders described by Carl Schenider?
Fusion Omission Substitution Derailment Drivelling
What is astasia-abasia?
Inability to walk or stand in a normal manner - gait appears bizarre and is not suggestive of organic lesion
What condition is astasia-abasia a symptom of?
Conversion disorder
What is motor perseveration?
An example would be a patient being asked to draw a square and drawing it, then asked to draw a circle but continues drawing squares
What is pseudologia fantastica?
Pathological lying - may believe their own stories
What conditions is pseudologia fantastica common in?
Personality disorders - antisocial or hysterical
What is couvade syndrome?
A conversion symptom seen in partners of expectant mothers during their pregnancy - symptoms mimic pregnancy symptoms
What is jamais vu?
That knowledge that an event has occurred before but is not currently associated with the feelings of familiarity
What is deja entendu?
The feeling of auditory recognition
What is deja pense?
A new thought recognised as having previously occurred
Commonest cause of stupor in psych inpatient unit?
Depression
Where is a true hallucination perceived?
External space, outside of conscious control
Where are pseudohallucinations experienced?
Inner subjective space
Auditory hallucinations with clear consciousness are least likely due to
Temporal lobe epilepsy
What is anhedonia?
Total inability to experience pleasure
Made impulse
Owns up to action but not the impulse behind it
What are the most common hallucinations in alcoholic hallucinosis?
Unstructured sounds or voices that may be characteristically malign and threatening
How long do the hallucinations in alcoholic hallucinosis tend to last for?
A few days
Diffrence between hallucinations in delirium tremens and alcoholic hallucinosis
Alcoholic hallucinosis have a clear sensorium
Features of pure word blindness
Reduced reading comprehension but patient can speak and understand spoken word
They can write spontaneously and to diction
What are the 2 stages of delusional perception?
Normal perception and delusional significance
What is dysmorphophobia?
Overvalued idea where patient believes one aspect of body is abnormal or deformed
Sometimes can reach delusional intensity
Which phenomena is eyo-syntotic?
Delusions - patient experiencing them does not feel uncomfortable by them
What is a freudian slip otherwise known as?
Parapraxis
What are 3rd person hallucinations?
Auditory hallucinations where patients hear voices talking about themselves, referring to them in the 3rd person
What can improve an essential tremor?
Alcohol
What can improve an essential tremor?
Alcohol
What are teichoscopic hallucinations otherwise known as?
Scintillating scotoma
What do approximate answers suggest a problem with?
Thought form
What are metonyms?
Imprecise expressions that are used in place of more exact words
What are most cases of dysmorphophobia associated with?
Major mood disorder
What is the type token ratio?
Measure of vocabulary variation within a written text or persons speech - reduced in schizophrenic speech
EEG in hypnogognic hallucination
Flow of alpha rhythm at time of hallucination
What is the commonest psychiatric cause of autoscopy?
Depression
What is dysmegalopsia?
A change in the perceived shape of an object
If somebody has rigidity at rest but carries out voluntary movements normally, do they have catatonia?
Yes
What is reduced symbolic thinking a feature of?
Alexithymia
Flashback phenomenon is reported after taking what type of drug?
Hallucinogens
What are pareidolic illusions?
Meaningful percepts produced when experiencing a poorly defined stimulus
When does a hypnagognic hallucination occur?
When falling asleep
Is thought blocking a first rank symptom?
no
Definition of age disorientation
Misstating one’s age by 5 or more years
What is asyndesis?
Lack of genuine causal link in speech
What is palilalia?
Compulsive involuntary repetition of semantically acceptable word or phrase spoken by the patient themselves
What is logoclonia?
Repetition of last syllable
What condition does logoclonia occur in?
Parkinson’s
What is verbigeration?
Repetition of senseless sound, syllables or words
When does vebigeration occur?
Expressive aphasia
Catatonic schizophrenia
What is the best predictor of persistence of delusional beliefs?
Diagnosis of schizophrenia
Delusions of motor control are thought to be related to what
Failure to predict sensory feedback of one’s own movements
Depersonalisation is often described as as __ phenomenon
As if - use as if to describe their experience
Which thought disorder is more common in schizophrenia than mania?
Derailment
Thought blocking
To some extent, tangentiality and poverty of speech
Which thought disorder occurs when figure-ground differentiation apparently fails?
Circumstantality
What is paraschemazia?
Distortion of body image
What are the 4 types of primary delusions?
Delusional mood
Delusional perception
Delusional memory
Autochthonous delusions
What is pathological depersonalisation associated with?
Intense affective change
How is pure word deafness characterised?
Patient able to speak, read and write fluently
Patient unable to understand speech
Hears words as sounds but cannot recognise the meaning
Who coined the term anhedonia?
Ribot
How is overinclusive thinking tested?
Sorting test
When do illusions occur?
When the sensory perceptual threshold is reduced
