Neuro_Exam 1_Neurodegenerative Disease Flashcards
neurodegenerative diseases are a result of ___ and this could be from ____
protein alterations, genetic factors, or environmental factors
neurodegenerative diseases are distinguishable because the proteins from ______
inclusion bodies in cells
when determining motor neuron diseases, ____ has both umn and lmn lesions, lmn alone_____ umn alone ____
ALS, spinal muscular atrophie (sma), primary lateral sclerosis
umn lesion signs include:
spasticity, weakness, incresed reflex, babinski
lmn lesion signs include:
hypotonia, weakness and atrophy
als is degeneration of ____, progression to death is due to______
umn and lmn, respiratory failure
als is called:
amyotrophic (atrophy, of skeletal muscle) lateral sclerosis=gliosis of lateral corticospinal tract, inclusion bodies in motor neurons
in als, the picture includes myelin stain, and only the _____ is stained dark (showing a ____). There is also a smaller ____ than ____
dorsal column, decrease in myelin in the anterior and lateral column), ventral nerve root compared to the dorsal nerve root
3 microscopic pathologies in als:
hyaline (pale circle), bunina bodies (in a tear drop shape), skein-like inclusion (brown stick)
a similar degenerative disease to als is ______, that results from ____
cervical spondylosis, compression of the spinal nerve roots and spinal cord
difference between cervical spondylosis is ____
it can be treated surgically and als can’t
characteristics of cervical spondylosis that differentiate it from als ______
fasciculations in legs or tongue are more for ALS, neck pain favor spondylosis
____ is an xlinked degenerative disease which is different than als bc it has _____ and is ____
no umn signs an x-linked spinobulbar muscular atrophy
kennedy’s disease is characterised by ______
cag repeats in first exon of androgen receptor gene, no UMN signs!
the _____ are a group of diseases that include lmn only, and have an autosomal recessive defect on ______
spinal muscular atrophies, chromosome 5
_____ is a spinal muscular atrophie known as ____ and occurs in children _____, and includes ______, require ___ to be diagnosed
werdnig-Hoffman, less than 6 months, swallowing feeding, breathing, etc, most die before 2 years, muscle biopsy
only _______ has both umn and lmn signs
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
synucleinopathies involve _____ which form ______ which are _______
alpha-synculein, lewy bodies, inclusions containing alpha-synuclein
2 most common synucleinopathies include___ and ____
pd and dementia with lewy bodies
parkinsonism includes______ and include the syndrome consisting of:
not just parkinson’s, but the characteristics of pd, bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, postural instability
pd can be caused by _____, _____, _____ and _____
drugs, toxins, infectionns, neurodegenerative disease
pd is a disease effecting the ____ and is characterized by a loss of ____ in the ____
midbrain, pigmentation, substantia nigra
the substantia nigra in pd patients will include_____
lewy bodies (halo) positive for a-synuclein, also seen in dementia with lewy bodies
_____ includes clinical features including parkinsonism, cerebellar dysfunction, autonoomic and wrinary dysfunction, corticospinal tract dysfunction (hyperflexia)
multiple system atrophy (msa)
