Neuro_Exam 1_muscle and reflexes

Question 1

umn lesions _____ stretch reflex and ____ muscle tone

Answer 1

release, increase

Question 2

Umn lesion example ______

Answer 2

clonus

Question 3

______ is only apparent after umn lesion, examples are:

Answer 3

inverse stretch reflex, cog wheel rigidity, clasp knife reflex

Question 4

cog wheel rigidity is due to damage in____ an example is ______

Answer 4

basal ganglis, pd

Question 5

lateral pathway always travels in _____, terminates in ____ ______ or _____ and is _______

Answer 5

lateral columns, dorsolateral ventral horn & intermediate zone, always contralateral

Question 6

Medial pathway travels in _____, terminates in _____ _____ and ______, usually _____ it is composed of _________ ______ _______

Answer 6

anterior column, ventromedial, ventral horn and intermediate zone, bilateral, tectospinal, reticulospinal, vestibulospinal

Question 7

lateral system innervates ______ musculature and terminates ______, on _______

Answer 7

distal limb, contralaterally, motor and interneurons

Question 8

medial system innervates _____ muscles, terminates ____, and only on ______

Answer 8

axial and proximal, bilaterally, interneurons

Question 9

lmn are _______

Answer 9

cholinergic

Question 10

pathways that contribute to medial system:

Answer 10

tectospinal, reticulospinal, vestibulospinal

Question 11

tectospinal originates in the

Answer 11

superior colliculus

Question 12

reticulospinal originates in the _____

Answer 12

pons and medulla

Question 13

vestibulospinal tract ______

Answer 13

ascending porjections modulate eye movements

Question 14

_____ of corticospinal traxct fibers ____

Answer 14

10% travel in pyramids, and they all travel in anterior columns

Question 15

_____ contributes to the lateral descending system

Answer 15

red nucleus

Question 16

motor cortex neurons are _____ and they _____ terminate in _____

Answer 16

ums, modulate sensory inputs, dorsal horn

Question 17

umn sndrome results in _____,

Answer 17

paralysis or paresis

Question 18

motor neuron typically innervate ______

Answer 18

more than 1 muscle fiber

Question 19

a motor unit is composed of ______

Answer 19

motor neuron plus the muscle fiber it innervates

Question 20

renshaw cells supply ______ to _____ via, and are inhibited by ______

Answer 20

inhibition, motor neurons, gaba or glycine, benzodiazapine, or valliume

Question 21

muscle contain multiple sensory receptors including ____, _____, _____, _____, _______

Answer 21

muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, free nerve endings, pacinian corpuscles ruffini endings

Question 22

the three reflexes are :

Answer 22

stretch (corticospinal leads to hyperactive, umn lesions, clonus), inverse (orig in golgi tendon organ, excites antagonist muscles, only apparent after umn lesions, cog wheel rigidity, basal gang, pd, clasp knife, , flexion noxious stimuli activate free nerve endings in skin (a gamma- step on a tac)