Neuro Rehab Concepts And Theories

Question 1

Massed practice

Answer 1

Practice time in a trial > amount of rest between trials

Question 2

Distributed practice

Answer 2

Amount of rest between trials is = or > amount of practice time for each trial

Question 3

Constant practice

Answer 3

Practicing under a uniform condition

Question 4

Variable practice

Answer 4

Practicing under differing condition

Question 5

Random practice

Answer 5

Varying practice among different tasks

Question 6

Blocked practice

Answer 6

Consistent practice of a single task

Question 7

Closed system model

Answer 7

Transfer of information that incorporates multiple feedback loops and larger distribution of control.

Nervous system is an active participant with ability to initiate movement (as opposed to just reacting to stimuli)

Question 8

Open system model

Answer 8

Single transfer of information without any feedback loop (reflex hierarchical theory).

Nervous system waits to react to stimuli

Question 9

Non-associative learning

Answer 9

Learning associated with a single stimulus (e.g. Habituation)

Question 10

Associative learning

Answer 10

Gaining understanding of a relationship between two stimuli (e.g. Conditioning)

Question 11

Procedural learning

Answer 11

Developing a habit through repetitive practice

Question 12

Declarative learning

Answer 12

Learning that requires attention, awareness, and reflection in order to attain knowledge that can be consciously recalled (mental practice)

Question 13

Performance

Answer 13

Temporary change in motor behavior seen during a particular session of practice.

Does not necessarily = learning (multiple variables affect performance at any given time)

Can be observed

Question 14

Learning

Answer 14

Acquiring knowledge that leads to permanent change in ability to perform a certain skilled action

Cannot be observed (according to motor learning theory)

Question 15

Plasticity

Answer 15

Change at the synapse level (temporary or permanent)

Question 16

Sensitization

Answer 16

Increase in response that occurs as a result of a noxious stimulant (opposite of habituation)

Question 17

Motor relearning approach

Answer 17

Idea that factors that are involved with learning are also involved in relearning

Relies on therapist observing strategy and and identifying variations in normal movement.

Question 18

Bobath: Neuromuscular Developmental Treatment

Answer 18

Based on hierarchical model of neurophysiological function

Patient learns to control movement through activities that promote normal movement patterns that integrate function.

Postural control = key. Develops by assuming progressive positions in which there is an increase in the distance between the center of gravity and base of support.

Uses facilitation, inhibition, key points of control, and reflex inhibiting postures

Compensatory techniques should be avoided

Utilizes developmental sequence

Question 19

Brunnstrom: Movement therapy in hemiplegia

Answer 19

Based on hierarchical model

Created and defined synergies

Developed the 7 stages of recovery for eval and documentation of progress. Believes limb synergies should initially be encouraged as a necessary milestone for recovery.

Question 20

Homolateral synkinesis

Answer 20

Flexion of involved UE facilitates flexion of involved LE

Question 21

Raimiste’s phenomenon

Answer 21

The involved LE will abd or add with applied resistance to the uninvolved LE in the same direction.

(Overflow)

Question 22

Souque’s phenomenon

Answer 22

Raising involved UE above 100 degrees with elbow extension will produce extension and abduction of the fingers

Question 23

PNF

Answer 23

Based on hierarchical model

Premise: establish gross motor patterns within CNS. Stronger body parts are utilized to stimulate and strengthen weaker parts.

Emphasis on manual contacts and correct handling.

Question 24

PNF patterns each include:

Answer 24

Flexion, extension, and rotatory components and are directed toward or away from midline

Question 25

PNF chopping

Answer 25

Combination of bilateral UE asymmetrical patterns performed as a closed chain activity

Question 26

Developmental sequence (PNF)

Answer 26

Mobility> stability> controlled mobility> skill

Question 27

Mass movement patterns (PNF)

Answer 27

Hip, knee, and ankle move into flexion or extension simultaneously

Question 28

Overflow (PNF)

Answer 28

Muscle activation of an involved extremity due to intense action of an uninvolved muscle or group of muscles.

Question 29

Controlled mobility definition (PNF)

Answer 29

Ability to move within a weight bearing position or rotate around a long axis

E.g. Prone on elbows, weight shifting in quadruped

Question 30

Rood theory

Answer 30

Based on Sherrington and reflex stimulus model
All motor output is result of past and present sensory input
Movement is considered autonomic and noncognitive
Goal: Obtain homeostasis in motor output and activate muscles to perform a task independent of a stimulus

Question 31

Facilitation Techniques (Rood):

Answer 31

Approximation
Joint compression
Icing
light tough
Quick stretch
Resistance
Tapping 
Traction

Question 32

Inhibition Techniques (Rood):

Answer 32

Deep pressure
Prolonged stretch
Warmth
Prolonged cold

Question 33

Heavy work (Rood):

Answer 33

A method used to develop stability by performing an activity against gravity or resistance
Focuses on strengthening of postural muscles

Question 34

Light work (Rood):

Answer 34

Used to develop controlled movement and skilled function by performing an activity without resistance
Focuses on extremities

Question 35

Key patterns (Rood):

Answer 35

Development sequence that directs patient’s mobility recovery from synergy patterns through controlled motions