Neuro Rehab Concepts And Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Massed practice

A

Practice time in a trial > amount of rest between trials

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2
Q

Distributed practice

A

Amount of rest between trials is = or > amount of practice time for each trial

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3
Q

Constant practice

A

Practicing under a uniform condition

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4
Q

Variable practice

A

Practicing under differing condition

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5
Q

Random practice

A

Varying practice among different tasks

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6
Q

Blocked practice

A

Consistent practice of a single task

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7
Q

Closed system model

A

Transfer of information that incorporates multiple feedback loops and larger distribution of control.

Nervous system is an active participant with ability to initiate movement (as opposed to just reacting to stimuli)

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8
Q

Open system model

A

Single transfer of information without any feedback loop (reflex hierarchical theory).

Nervous system waits to react to stimuli

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9
Q

Non-associative learning

A

Learning associated with a single stimulus (e.g. Habituation)

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10
Q

Associative learning

A

Gaining understanding of a relationship between two stimuli (e.g. Conditioning)

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11
Q

Procedural learning

A

Developing a habit through repetitive practice

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12
Q

Declarative learning

A

Learning that requires attention, awareness, and reflection in order to attain knowledge that can be consciously recalled (mental practice)

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13
Q

Performance

A

Temporary change in motor behavior seen during a particular session of practice.

Does not necessarily = learning (multiple variables affect performance at any given time)

Can be observed

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14
Q

Learning

A

Acquiring knowledge that leads to permanent change in ability to perform a certain skilled action

Cannot be observed (according to motor learning theory)

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15
Q

Plasticity

A

Change at the synapse level (temporary or permanent)

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16
Q

Sensitization

A

Increase in response that occurs as a result of a noxious stimulant (opposite of habituation)

17
Q

Motor relearning approach

A

Idea that factors that are involved with learning are also involved in relearning

Relies on therapist observing strategy and and identifying variations in normal movement.

18
Q

Bobath: Neuromuscular Developmental Treatment

A

Based on hierarchical model of neurophysiological function

Patient learns to control movement through activities that promote normal movement patterns that integrate function.

Postural control = key. Develops by assuming progressive positions in which there is an increase in the distance between the center of gravity and base of support.

Uses facilitation, inhibition, key points of control, and reflex inhibiting postures

Compensatory techniques should be avoided

Utilizes developmental sequence

19
Q

Brunnstrom: Movement therapy in hemiplegia

A

Based on hierarchical model

Created and defined synergies

Developed the 7 stages of recovery for eval and documentation of progress. Believes limb synergies should initially be encouraged as a necessary milestone for recovery.

20
Q

Homolateral synkinesis

A

Flexion of involved UE facilitates flexion of involved LE

21
Q

Raimiste’s phenomenon

A

The involved LE will abd or add with applied resistance to the uninvolved LE in the same direction.

(Overflow)

22
Q

Souque’s phenomenon

A

Raising involved UE above 100 degrees with elbow extension will produce extension and abduction of the fingers

23
Q

PNF

A

Based on hierarchical model

Premise: establish gross motor patterns within CNS. Stronger body parts are utilized to stimulate and strengthen weaker parts.

Emphasis on manual contacts and correct handling.

24
Q

PNF patterns each include:

A

Flexion, extension, and rotatory components and are directed toward or away from midline

25
PNF chopping
Combination of bilateral UE asymmetrical patterns performed as a closed chain activity
26
Developmental sequence (PNF)
Mobility> stability> controlled mobility> skill
27
Mass movement patterns (PNF)
Hip, knee, and ankle move into flexion or extension simultaneously
28
Overflow (PNF)
Muscle activation of an involved extremity due to intense action of an uninvolved muscle or group of muscles.
29
Controlled mobility definition (PNF)
Ability to move within a weight bearing position or rotate around a long axis E.g. Prone on elbows, weight shifting in quadruped
30
Rood theory
Based on Sherrington and reflex stimulus model All motor output is result of past and present sensory input Movement is considered autonomic and noncognitive Goal: Obtain homeostasis in motor output and activate muscles to perform a task independent of a stimulus
31
Facilitation Techniques (Rood):
``` Approximation Joint compression Icing light tough Quick stretch Resistance Tapping Traction ```
32
Inhibition Techniques (Rood):
Deep pressure Prolonged stretch Warmth Prolonged cold
33
Heavy work (Rood):
A method used to develop stability by performing an activity against gravity or resistance Focuses on strengthening of postural muscles
34
Light work (Rood):
Used to develop controlled movement and skilled function by performing an activity without resistance Focuses on extremities
35
Key patterns (Rood):
Development sequence that directs patient's mobility recovery from synergy patterns through controlled motions