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NPTE > Cardiopulm Pharm > Flashcards

Cardiopulm Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists

A

Dilation of arterioles and veins -> Decrease BP
-sins
(doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin)

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2
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

Decrease BP and afterload
-prils
(captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril)

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3
Q

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

A

–> Vasodilation (decrease BP)

Losartan, candesartan, valsartan

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4
Q

Antiarrhythmic Agents

A

4 classes (sodium channel blockers, beta blockers, inhibiting K/Na channels, and calcium channel blockers)

Class III (K/Na channel inhibitors) most effective. Prolong repolarization (amiodarone)

Side effects: Exacerbation of arrhythmias

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5
Q

Anticoagulant Agents

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation
E.g. someone who has had a mechanical valve replacement
Heparin, coumadin (warfarin), Lovenox (enoxaparin)

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6
Q

Antihyperlipidemia Agents

A

5 categories
Most common: Statins
Side effects: HA, GI distress, myalgia, rash
Lipitor (atorvastatin), Zocor (simvastatin), Tricor (fenofibrate)

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7
Q

Antiplatelet/ Antithrombotic

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation (less strong than anticoagulant)
Bayer (aspirin), Plavix (clopidogrel)

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8
Q

Beta blockers

A

Decrease HR and contractility (block beta-adrenergic receptors)
Diminished HR and BP response to exercise
Atenolol, metoprolol (lopressor)

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9
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Decrease entry of Ca into smooth muscle –> vasodilation, decreased cardiac contractility
Side effects: Congestive heart failure/ fluid overload
Amlodipine, nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem

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10
Q

Diuretics

A

Increase excretion of sidum and urine –> decrease BP
Thiazide: chlorothiazide
Loop: Lasix
Potassium Sparing: Dyrenium

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11
Q

Nitrates

A

Smooth muscle relaxation, dilation of peripheral vessels –> decrease ischemia
Nitroglycerin, isordil (isosorbide dinitrate), amyl nitrite solution

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12
Q

Positive inotropic agents

A

Increase force and velocity of myocardial contraction, slow heart rate, decrease sympathetic activation
Side effects: Arrhythmias
PT Implications: Monitor HR and teach patient to take their pulse. Rate should stay 60-100
Lanoxin (digoxin)

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13
Q

Thrombolytic Agents

A

Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin –> clot breakdown

Kinlytic (urokinase), Activase (alteplase)

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14
Q

Enhanced Extracorporeal Counterpulsation

A

Inflation of pressure cuffs on the LEs to assist with venous return to the heart.

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15
Q

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation

A

Inflation and deflation of a balloon surgically placed into the aorta, providing circulatory assistance for patients after infarction or with cardiogenic shock.

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16
Q

Pacemaker modes and functions

A

NBG code

Describes chamber placed, chamber sensed, response sensed, rate modulation, multisite pacing

17
Q

Antihistamines

A

Decrease nasal congestion, mucosal irritation.
Side effects: arrhytmias, OHTN, drowsiness, HA
Benadryl (diphenhydramine), Allegra, Zyrtec, Claritin

18
Q

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

A

Prevent inflammatory-mediated bronchoconstriction.
Include inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, and mast-cell stabilizers
NOT bronchodilators –> Not for acute episodes of asthma.
Side effect of luekotriene modifier includes liver dysfunction

Qvar, Pulmicort, AeroBid, Zyflo, Nasalcrom

19
Q

Proper use of inhaler

A

Rinse mouth with water after use to avoid mucosal irritation (corticosteroid inhalers).

20
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Relieve bronchospasm
Includes anticholinergics, sympathomimetics, and xanthine derivatives
Side effects: Paradoxical bronchospasm, sympathetic symptoms
Anticholinergic: Atrovent, Spiriva
Sympathomimetic: albuterol, epinephrine, salmeterol
Xanthin derivative: Theophylline, aminophylline

21
Q

Expectorants

A

Increase respiratory secretions to loosen mucus –> increases efficiency of cough reflex and ciliary action
PT: Use airway clearance techniques within 1 hour of drug administration
Mucinex, terpin hydrate

22
Q

Mucolytic Agents

A

Decrease viscosity of mucus –> easier to expectorate. Administered via nebulizer
Side effects: Pharyngitis, oral mucosa inflammation, rhinitis, chest pain
PT: Use airway clearance techniques within 1 hour of drug administration
Pulmozyme, Mucosil, Mucomyst

NPTE (24 decks)

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