MSK Pathology Flashcards
Closed fracture
Break in bone where skin over site remains intact
Comminuted fracture
Bone breaks into fragments at the site of injury
Compound fracture
Bone protrudes through skin
Greenstick fracture
Break on one side of bone that doesn’t damage periosteum on the opposite side
Common in peds
Nonunion fracture
Break in a bone that has failed to unite and heal after 9-12 months
Spiral fracture
Break in bone shaped like an “S” due to torsion and twisting.
DIP splint
For treating mallet finger, distal phalanx fracture, DIP joint arthritis
For mallet finger: DIP placed in neutral or slight hyperextension to allow for healing of damaged extensor tendon
Ulnar gutter splint
Rigid splint that covers ulnar side of forearm/hand and fourth and fifth digits
Immobilizes metacarpals and phalanges following fx
MCP placed in 60-90 deg flexion
IP placed in full extension
Wrist in slight extension
Radial gutter splint
Immobilizes metacarpals and phalanges following fx
MCP in 60-90 deg flex
IP full extension
Wrist in slight extension
Thumb spica splint
Rigid splint that covers radial side of forearm/ hand and thumb.
May or may not allow IP motion
Used to immobilize wrist and MCP of thumb
Treating gamekeeper’s thumb, scaphoid fx, 1st metacarpal fx, de Quervain’s, etc.
Wrist in 20 deg extension
MCP slight flexion
Volar/dorsal forearm splint
Extends from proximal forearm to metacarpal heads. Allows full elbow and MCP motion.
Immbolizes wrist - carpal fx, distal radius/ulna fx, wrist sprain, etc.
Positioning varies based on condition
Can also be used to improve grasp for patients with weakness - wrist in 20 deg extension (> tenodesis)
Sugar tong splint
Covers wrist and elbow
Allows less motion than volar forearm splint b/c also prevents supination/pronation
Elbow in 90 deg flex, wrist and forearm in neutral
Common for carpal and distal radius/ulna fractures
Long arm splint
Covers posterior elbow, to immobilize elbow following injury/surgery or soft tissue injury (tendonitis)
Prevents elbow motion
Corset
Fabric (may have metal uprights)
Provide pressure and relieve pain associated with mid/low back pathologies
Halo Vest Orthosis
Invasive cervical thoracic orthosis > Full restriction of all cervical motion
Common with cervical SCI to prevent further damage or dislocation, worn until spine is stable
Milwaukee Orthosis
Promotes realignment of spine due to scoliosis
Pelvis through upper chest
Corrective padding applied to areas with most sever curve
Taylor brace
Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis that limits flexion and extension of trunk through 3-point control design (wraps around shoulders like backpack)
TLSO
Prevents trunk motions, common post-surgically
Bivalve style using velcro to secure
Solid AFO
Trimline anterior to malleoli
Control DF/PF and inv/ev
Can articulate or not
Posterior leafspring
Trimline posterior to malleoli
Primary purpose: Assist with DF and prevent foot drop
Requires pt to have med/lat control of ankle
Floor reaction AFO
Assists with knee extension during stance through positioning of a calf band (anterior block to tibia advancement) or positioning at the ankle
Craig-Scott KAFO
KAFO specifically for patients with paraplegia. Allows person to stand with a posterior lean of the trunk
HKAFO
Bilateral KAFO+ hip and pelvic components
Controls rotation at hip and ABD/ADD
Heavy
Restricts pt to swing-to or swing-through pattern
Reciprocating Gait Orthosis (RGO)
Derivative of HKAFO
Incorporates cable system to assist with advancement of extremities during gait.
Primarily for patients with paraplegia
Parapodium
Standing frame designed to allow pt to sit when necessary
Ambulation achieved by shift weight and rocking base across floor.
Primarily used in peds
Heel wedge
Used to control hindfoot eversion/inversion for symptoms associated with pes cavus/ pes planus
Heel lift
Commonly used to take pressure off of Achilles (tendonitis or recent repair)
Also used for leg length discrepancy
Heel cup vs. heel cushion
Same, except cup is supposed to stabilize calcaneus in neutral position as well.
Metatarsal bar/pad
Flat piece of padding that is placed posterior to metatarsal heads
Helps relieve pressure from met heads by transferring it to met shafts –> pain relief for metatarsalgia
Rocker bar
Similar to metatarsal bar, but convex instead of flat.
Assist pts who have difficulty with terminal stance due to limited mobility within foot (especially great toe)
Also helps relieve pressure from met heads for pts with pain there.
