Kinesiology and UE Anatomy Flashcards
ATP-Posphocreatine System
- Provides ATP instantaneously
- Provides energy for muscle contraction for up to 15 seconds
- Phosphocreatine decomposes and releases energy that is used to create ATP
- PC and ATC stored directly in contractile mechanism of muscle
- High intensity, short duration exercise
Anaerobic Glycolysis
- Glycogen > glucose > pyruvic acid (glycolysis): Produces ATP
- Produces lactic acid > muscle fatigue
- 50% slower than ATP-PC system
- Provides energy for 30-40 seconds
- Only produces small amounts of ATP
- High intensity, short duration exercise
Aerobic Glycolysis
- For low intensity, long duration exercise
- Yields the most ATP
- Provides energy through oxidation of food
- Provides energy as long as nutrients are available.
Class 1 lever
Fulcrum is between force and load. Example: Triceps (force) on olecranon (fulcrum) with an external counterforce pushing on the arm.
- Very few class 1 levers in the body
- Example: See Saw
Class 2 lever
Load (resistance) between the fulcrum and force (effort)
Example: Gravity = force, muscle activity = load.
Example: Wheelbarrow
Class 3 lever
- Force between the fulcrum and the load
- E.g. shoulder abduction with weight in hand
- Most common type in body
- Allows large movements at rapid speed
- Example: Elbow flexion
Suture joint
- union of two bones by a membrane
- Immovable joint
Synostosis
Eventual fusion of a suture joint
Syndesmosis
Bone connected to bone by dense fibrous membrane or cord
- Very little motion
- e.g. Tibia-Fibula
Gomphosis
Tony bony surfaces connecting as a peg in a hole
- Only example in body is teeth in their sockets
Fibrous Joints (synarthroses)
Bones united by fibrous tissue. Includes sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
Cartilagenous Joint
Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage that connects one bone to another
Slightly moveable
Includes synchondroses and symphyses
Synchondrosis
Hyaline cartilage adjoints to ossifying centers
- E.g. sternum and true rib articulation
- Provides stability during growht
- Slight motion
- May ossify to synostosis in maturity
Symphysis
Two bones connected by fibrocartilage and covered with hyaline cartilage
- Slight motion
- Usually at midline of body
- E.g. pubic symphysis
5 defining characteristics of synovial joint
- joint cavity
- articular cartilage
- synovial membrane
- synovial fluid
- fibrous capsule
Glenohumeral loose packed position
55 degrees abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction
Glenohumeral close packed position
Abduction and lateral rotation
Sternoclavicular loose packed position
Arm resting by side
Sternoclavicular close packed position
maximum shoulder elevation
Acromioclavicular loose packed position
arm resting by side
Acromioclavicular close packed position
Arm abducted 90 degrees
Rotator cuff interval
Space between supraspinatus and subscap. Consists of:
Coracohumeral ligament
superior glenohumeral ligament
joint capsule
Radiohumeral loose packed position
Full extension, supination
Radiohumeral close packed position
90 degrees flexion, 5 degrees supination
