Cardiopulm Lab Tests/ values Flashcards
Measure of ventilation
PaCO2
Normal pH
7.35-7.45
Normal PaCO2
35-45 mmHg
Normal PaO2
80-100 mmHg
normal 97
Normal HCO3 (bicarbonate)
22-26 mEq/L
ABG results written/spoken in this order:
pH/ PaCO2/ PaO2/ HCO3
Eucapnia
PaCO2 level normal
Hypercapnia/ Hypocapnia
Abnormal PaCO2 level
Mild/moderate/severe Hypoxemia
Mild: 60-79 PaO2/ SaO2 90-95%
Mod: 40-59 PaO2/ SaO2 60-90%
Severe: <40 PaO2/ SaO2 <60%
Hypoxemia vs. Hypoxia
Hypoxemia: Low levels of O2 in blood
Hypoxia: Low levels of O2 in tissue (despite adequate perfusion of the tissue)
Markers for MI
CK-MB (appears 4 hrs after MI, peaks in 12-24 hours, declines over 72 hours)
Troponin (remains elevated 5-7 days)
Triglycerides
Body converts any calories it doesn’t need to use right away into triglycerides, which are stored in adipose tissue
Hematocrit
% of RBCs in total blood volume
Normal:
0.39 - 0.46 (males)
0.35 - 0.44 (females)
Hyperventilation
PaCO2 < 30
Hypoventilation
PaCO2 > 50 (ventilatory failure)
Respiratory acidosis
pH < 7.4
PaCO2 > 45
Respiratory alkalosis
pH > 7.4
PaCO2 < 35
Hemoglobin
Normal:
13.3-16.2 (male)
12-15.8 (female)
Normal Cholesterol
Total <200
LDL <100
Triglyceride <150
HDL 40-60
Absolute indications for terminating an exercise test:
- Drop in SBP >10 from baseline with other evidence of ischemia
- Moderately severe angina (3-4/4)
- Increasing neuro symptoms (ataxia, dizziness)
- Signs of poor perfusion (cyanosis, pallor)
- Sustained v-tach
- 1.0 mm ST elevation in leads without diagnostic Q waves
Relative indications for terminating an exercise test:
- Drop in SBP >10 without other evidence of ischemia
- > 2 mm ST segment depression
- PVCs, nodal tachycardia, heart block, bradycardia
- Fatigue, SOB, wheezing, leg cramps, claudication
- BBB or IV conduction delay
- Increasing chest pain
- SBP >250 and/or DBP > 115
