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neuro ana macro Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the anatomical structure that is visible (gross) to the naked eye

A

Gross anatomy

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2
Q

Study of different brain structures that could be seen by the naked eye, include parts that could be observed after a series of cuts (slice) depending on the anatomical plane utilized

A

Gross neuroanatomy

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3
Q

Curved or rounded projection or division of a bodily organ

A

Lobes

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4
Q

Deep groove that separates two areas

A

Fissures

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5
Q

deep groove that separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres (aka cerebral, great longitudinal, median longitudinal, interhemispheric fissure)

A

Longitudinal fissure

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6
Q

separates parietal and frontal

A

Central sulcus

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6
Q

separates temporal and frontal

A

Sylvian fissure/Lateral sulcus

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7
Q

small little space that separates the occipital and temporal

A

Preoccipital notch

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8
Q

A groove in the cerebral cortex

Superior frontal
Central sulcus of Ronaldo
Lateral sulcus of Sylvius
Superior temporal
Intraparietal sulcus

A

Sulcus

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9
Q

Sylvius

A

Lateral sulcus

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9
Q

Ronaldo (Messi fan ako)

A

Central sulcus

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10
Q

Ridge on the cerebral cortex

A

Gyrus

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11
Q

Each gyrus is surrounded by sulci. T/F

A

T

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12
Q

why meron gyrus and sulci?

A

both increases the surface area of the brain

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13
Q

Primary and secondary areas

A

Primary motor area
Primary sensory area
Secondary sensory and motor area
Primary and secondary temporal area
Primary and secondary visual area

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14
Q

Primary motor area

A

Precentral gyrus

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15
Q

Primary sensory area

A

Post central gyrus

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16
Q

Anterior speech area
Speech production

A

Broca’s area

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17
Q

Posterior speech area
Language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s area

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18
Q

disorders of speech with an organic cause

A

Aphasia

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19
Q

cluster of neurons with the same function in the CNS, located deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem

A

nucleus (nuclei)

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19
Q

Have robust connections with the cerebral cortex and thalamus

A

Basal nuclei

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20
Q

Group of subcortical nuclei responsible many for motor control, also motor learning, executive functions and behaviors and emotions

A

Basal nuclei

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21
Q

Fine-tune the voluntary motor activity and is involved in planning and modulation of movement, memory, eye movements, reward processing, motivation

A

Basal nuclei

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22
Q

3 parts of Basal nuclei

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus

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23
Q

part of basal nuclei for cognitive part of emotions

A

Caudate nucleus

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24
Q

part of basal nuclei for proprioception

A

Globus pallidus

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25
Q

caudate nucleus + putamen

A

Caudate striatum

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26
Q

putamen + globus pallidus

A

Lentiform/Lenticular nuclei

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27
Q

Collection of neuronal bodies found in the voluntary and autonomic branches of the (PNS)

A

Ganglion

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28
Q

Synaptic relay station between neurons

A

Ganglion

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29
Q

Responsible for reflexes

A

Ganglion

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30
Q

For behavioral and emotional responses, especially for emotions needed for survival

A

Limbic system

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31
Q

located lateral to the thalamus, underneath the cerebral cortex, and above the brainstem

A

Limbic system

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32
Q

decides the emotion

A

Hypothalamus

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33
Q

Main 3 structures involved in the limbic system

A

Amygdala
Hippocampus
Cingulate gyrus

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34
Q

sensory relay center

A

Thalamus

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35
Q

“Little brain”

A

Cerebellum

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36
Q

Maintenance of balance and posture, coordination of voluntary movements, motor learning, and cognitive functions

A

Cerebellum

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37
Q

3 parts of the cerebellum

A

Cerebrocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum

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38
Q

part of cerebellum for planning movements and motor learning

A

Cerebrocerebellum

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39
Q

part of cerebellum for sensory relay from PNS to the brain

A

Spinocerebellum

40
Q

part of cerebellum for position, posture, and proprioception

A

Vestibulocerebellum

41
Q

Connects cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum

42
Q

Sends messages to the rest of your body to regulate balance, breathing, heart rate, etc.

43
Q

3 parts of the brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

44
Q

Smallest portion of the brainstem
In between the pons caudally and the diencephalon
Connect brain and spinal cord

45
Q

where midbrain is located

A

mesencephalic-pons groove)

46
Q

3 parts of midbrain

A

colliculi
tegmentum
cerebral peduncles

47
Q

part of colliculi for relay center, towards the thalamus for visual senses

A

superior colliculi

48
Q

part of tegmentum : gray matter; pain processing and control

A

Periaqueductal gray nucleus

48
Q

part of the midbrain for subconscious and homeostatic and reflexive pathways

48
Q

part of colliculi relaying for auditory senses

A

inferior colliculi

49
Q

Between the midbrain and medulla

49
Q

part of the tegmentum: pinkish; coordination of movement

A

Red nucleus

50
Q

part of cerebral peduncles for dopamine production

A

Substantia nigra

51
Q

Handles unconscious processes

52
Q

Lt: “bridge”

53
Q

2 sections of the pons

A

ventral and dorsal

54
Q

part of pons for coordination of movement

A

Pontine nuclei of the Ventral pons

55
Q

part of pons for reticular formation

56
Q

Connect brainstem to spinal cord

A

Medulla Oblongata

57
Q

Comprised of the cardiovascular respiratory regulation system, descending motor tracts, ascending sensory tracts, and origin or cranial nerves 9, 10, 11, 12

A

Medulla Oblongata

57
Q

Carries information of smell

58
Q

branches of olfactory nerves that pass from the nasal cavity through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

A

Fila olfactoria

59
Q

Transmitting visual information

A

Optic nerve

60
Q

Allows movement of the eye muscles, constriction of pupil, focusing the eyes and position of the upper eyelid

A

Oculomotor

61
Q

One of the ocular motor nerves that controls eye movement

61
Q

Smallest but has the longest intracranial course, only nerve to have a dorsal exit from the brainstem

62
Q

eye muscle that the trochlear nerve controls

A

Superior oblique muscle

63
Q

Provide sensory and motor innervation to the face

A

Trigeminal

64
Q

3 branches of the Trigeminal nerve

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

65
Q

Responsible for extraocular motor functions of the eye along with CN 3 & 4

66
Q

Carries nerve fibers that control facial movement and expression

67
Q

Also carries nerve that are involved in taste to the anterior ⅔ of the tongue and producing tears

68
Q

5 exterior branches of facial nerve

A

Temporal branch
Zygomatic branch
Buccal branch
Marginal mandibular branch
Cervical branch

68
Q

maintaining body balance and eye movements

A

Vestibular nerve

68
Q

Consist of vestibular and cochlear nerves

A

Vestibulocochlear

69
Q

for hearing

A

Cochlear nerve

70
Q

Motor, parasympathetic and sensory information to the mouth and throat

A

Glossopharyngeal

71
Q

Help raise part of the throat and enables swallowing

A

Glossopharyngeal

72
Q

Longest cranial nerve

73
Q

For digestion, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing

74
Q

Movement of the most of the muscles in the tongue

A

Hypoglossal

75
Q

Supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

76
Q

Rotation of the head away from the side of the contracting sternocleidomastoid muscle, tilting the head toward the sternocleidomastoid. Flexion of the neck.

77
Q

Starts in the medulla oblongata and moves down into the jaw

A

Hypoglossal

78
Q

Long, thin, tubular structure made up of tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar region of the vertebral column

A

spinal cord

78
Q

5 divisions of the spinal cord

A

cervical - 8 pairs
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5
sacral - 5
coccygeal - 1

total of 31 pairs

78
Q

Outer layer of the spinal cord

A

white matter

79
Q

inner layer of the spinal cord

A

gray matter

80
Q

little hole, passageway for CSF

A

Central canal

81
Q

Produced by ependymal cells in the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations

A

cerebrospinal fluid

82
Q

3 layers of meninges

A

pia mater - inner
arachnoid mater - middle
dura mater - outer

82
Q

Membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord

83
Q

4 ventricles of the brain

A

2 lateral ventricle
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle 5th ventricle

84
Q

Interventricular foramina

A

bridge between lateral and 3rd ventricle

84
Q

3 parts of the lateral ventric;e

A

anterior horn - near the frontal lobe
posterior horn - near the parietal lobe
interior horn - near the hippocampus

84
Q

Interventricular foramina

A

bridge between lateral and 3rd ventricle

85
Q

in the diencephalon and close to the hypothalamus

A

3rd ventricle

86
Q

5 recesses of the 3rd ventricle

A

Infundibular
Supraoptic
Anterior
Suprapineal
Pineal

86
Q

4th ventricle

A

connects to the central canal

87
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

connects 3rd and 4th ventricle

88
Q

cranial nerves for ocular motor of eye muscles

A

cn 3, 4, & 6

1st yr (10 decks)

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