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1st yr > i2p 2 > Flashcards

i2p 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory receptors still respond to stimulus

A

Habituation

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2
Q

One object blocks another object, then the blocked object is behind the first one and farther away

A

Interposition

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3
Q

Difference threshold is constant proportion of specific stimulus

A

Weber’s law (Ernst Weber)

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4
Q

process of converting outside stimuli into neural activity

A

Transduction

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5
Q

Tendency of the brain to stop attending to constant, unchaining information

A

Habituation

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6
Q

Stimulated by the different energy (light, vibrations, pressure, tempt, chemical substances)

A

Sensory receptors

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7
Q

different pitch are caused by stimulation of hair cells in the cochlea. Good for high pitch

A

Place theory

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8
Q

Continuous exposure
Affects sensory receptors
Occurs involuntarily and unconsciously
Related to stimulus intensity
Occurs in the brain

A

Sensory adaptation

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9
Q

frequencies from 400 hertz to 4000 hertz cause hair cells to fire a volley pattern (take turns). Neural cells alternate firing in rapid succession to achieve a combined frequency

A

Volley principle

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10
Q

common area = same group

A

Common region

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11
Q

Repeated exposures
Leads to reduced response
Can be controlled consciously
Not closely related to stimulus intensity
Occurs in the body

A

Habituation

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12
Q

Difference threshold

A

Just noticeable difference (JND)

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13
Q

Area in the retina where the axons of the retinal ganglion cells exit the eye to form the optic nerve

A

Blind spot

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14
Q

awareness of an unknown object or even

A

Clairvoyance

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15
Q

Perceive objects as existing on a background

A

Figure-ground relationships

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16
Q

people think that the stimuli is present when in fact it is not

A

hallucinations

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17
Q

Unchanging information from the sensory receptors is effectively ignore

A

Sensory adaptation

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18
Q

Tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging

A

Sensory adaptation

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19
Q

Tympanic membrane - eardrum
Oval window - covers the opening of inner ear
3 ossicles - vibrate to amplify the vibration from eardrum
Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup

A

middle

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20
Q

3 cones: Red, Blue, Green

A

Trichromatic theory

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21
Q

Rotation or movement of the two eyes

A

Convergence

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22
Q

brightness of an object is the same regardless of when the light conditions change

A

brightness constancy

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23
Q

illusion: think it is moving when not

A

Apparent movement

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24
Q

illusion: apparent motion created by lights flashing in sequence (christmas lights na gumagalaw si santa at rudolf)

A

Phi phenomenon

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25
Q

measured in cycles or waves per second (hertz)

A

Frequency

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26
Q

Protanopia

A

red cones not working

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27
Q

Smaller objects to be perceived as farther away

A

Relative size

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28
Q

people who are blind to either red-green or blue-yellow

A

Dichromats

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29
Q

objects that are connected overrides both elements of similarity and proximity

A

Element connectedness

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30
Q

Each eye sees a slightly different image of the object

A

Binocular disparity

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31
Q

Vestibular organ/ semicircular canals
Cochlea - process auditory stimuli

A

inner ear

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32
Q

Illusions that does not correspond to reality

A

Perceptual Illusions

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33
Q

sound heard is replicated by the same amount of nerve impulses that are then transmitted to the brain. Good for low pitch

A

Frequency theory

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34
Q

Responsible for noncolor sensitivity to low levels of light

A

Rods

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35
Q

Lines come together at a far distance

A

Linear perspective

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36
Q

Damage to the inner ear and to the auditory pathways in brain

A

Nerve hearing impairment

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37
Q

Light bends due to the disparities in densities of two materials

A

Refraction

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38
Q

auditory nerve cells

A

hair cells

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39
Q

Perception that occurs independently of the known sensory process

A

Extra Sensory Perception

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40
Q

disc that changes shape to bring focus

A

Lens

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41
Q

Smallest difference between two stimuli that is detectable 50% of the time it is present

A

Just noticeable difference (JND)

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42
Q

people who see no color at all, only shades of light and dark

A

Monochromats

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43
Q

foreknowledge of future events

A

Precognition

44
Q

Visual neurons are stimulated by light of one color and inhibited by light of another color

A

Opponent-process theory

45
Q

Responsible for color vision and sharpness of vision

A

Cones

46
Q

Something that is a farther away the hazier it will appear due to the particles in the air

A

Aerial or atmospheric perspective

47
Q

knowledge of someone else’s thoughts

A

Telepathy

48
Q

process auditory stimuli

A

cochlea

49
Q

Perceive things that look similar as part of the same group

A

similarity

50
Q

Sound cannot be passed from eardrum to cochlea

A

Conduction of hearing impairment

51
Q

Method by which sensations are interpreted and organized in meaningful fashion

A

perception

52
Q

irreversible figures are visual illusions which the figure and ground can be reversed. T/F

A

F; Reversible

53
Q

Nearsightedness

A

myopia

54
Q

tied to a lack of blue cone cells

A

Tritanopia

55
Q

students wear the same uniform as part of the same college

A

similarity

56
Q

color perception is limited to combinations of two cones or colors

A

Color blindness

57
Q

Illusions is influenced by our past experiences. T/F

A

T

58
Q

Perceive two things that happen close together in time as being related

A

Contiguity

59
Q

illusions: two lines one appearing longer than the other but really same lng

A

Muller-Lyer Illusion

60
Q

unit of measurement for loudness

A

Decibel

61
Q

illusion: perceived motion of a single object (stare at light sasakit yung eye so magtwitwitch sya almost tas gagalaw yung image or thing)

A

Autokinetic effect

62
Q

Farsightedness

A

hyperopia

63
Q

condition where signals are processed differently resulting in information being interpreted as more than one sensation

A

Synesthesia

64
Q

Perceive things as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex broken-up pattern

A

Continuity

65
Q

bend incoming light so that image can be focused on retina

A

Cornea

66
Q

Process that occurs when special receptors in the sense organs are activated turning stimuli into neural signals in the brain

A

Sensation

67
Q

Inside the a moving car, grass n trees near is moving by fast while mountain sa likod is moving slowly

A

Motion parallax

68
Q

distorted perception of a stimuli that is really there

A

Illusion

69
Q

Blind spot

A

optic disc

70
Q

perceiving that size is constant regardless of distance

A

size constancy

71
Q

Pinna - auricle, visible part of ear
Auditory canal - ear canal

A

outer ear

72
Q

mental movement of things without physical contact

A

Telekinesis

73
Q

visual pathways to the brain

A

Optic nerve
Optic chiasma - cross
Optic tracts
LGN of thalamus
Optic radiation
Occipital lobe

74
Q

caused by deficient functioning of green cone cells

A

Deuteranopia

75
Q

Yung pebbles gets finer they are further away

A

Texture gradient

76
Q

illusion: created by a rapid series of still pictures (stop motion)

A

Stroboscopic motion

77
Q

images occur when visual sensation persists a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed

A

Afterimages

78
Q

Complete figures that are incomplete

A

closure

79
Q

illusion: visual context affect the surrounding objects, isip mo malaki kc tabi niya maliit pero di nmn pala

A

Ebbinghaus Illusion

80
Q

innermost layer of eye, light is converted into nerve impulses and has photoreceptor cells

A

Retina

81
Q

Perceive objects that are close together as part of the same grouping

A

proximity

82
Q

psychological experience of sound that corresponds to frequency of soundwaves

A

Pitch

83
Q

lowest level of stimulation that a person can consciously detect 50% of the time (Gustav Fechner)

A

Absolute threshold

84
Q

Lens changes its shape from thick to think to focus objects that are far away

A

Visual accommodation

85
Q

Shorter wavelength = higher frequency = higher pitch

A

Longer wavelength = shorter frequency = lower pitch

86
Q

constancy: shape of car is the same regardless of the angel

A

shape constancy

87
Q

illusion: influenced by past experiences, think na rectangle yung room but really trapezoid

A

Ames Room Illusion

88
Q

Notion that we may respond to stimuli that are below our level of awareness

A

Subliminal Perception

89
Q

3 properties of sound

A

Pitch - frequency
Amplitude - volume
Timbre - richness in the tone

90
Q

Area in the retina where the axons of the retinal ganglion cells exit the eye to form the optic nerve
Insensitive to light

A

Blind spot

91
Q

Movement, gravity, balance sense
Equilibrium

A

Vestibular sense

92
Q

Provide info about speed and direction

A

Kinesthetic sense

93
Q

Stretch receptors

A

sense muscle stretch and contraction

94
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A

sense movement of tendon

95
Q

Awareness of where the body and body parts are

A

Proprioception

96
Q

Respond to changes in pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscles

97
Q

pain in organs

A

Visceral pain

98
Q

Pain in skin muscles tendons joints

A

Somatic pain

99
Q

inability to feel pain

A

Congenital analgesia

100
Q

Affect neural pathways that carry pain, heat, and cold sensations

Unable to cool off the body by sweating due to disrupted body’s heat-cold sensing perspiration system (anhidrosis)

Inability to regulate body temp

A

ongenital insensitivity to pain and with anhidrosis (CIPA)

101
Q

Body senses consisting of skin senses, kinesthetic sense, and vestibular

A

Somesthetic sense

102
Q

Olfactory receptor cells

A

Cillia

103
Q

Above the sinus cavity and receive info from receptor

A

Olfactory bulb

104
Q

Ability to smell

A

Olfaction

105
Q

Anterior insula and frontal operculum

A

Gustatory cortex

106
Q

Composed of small cells that send signals to the brain when stimulated by molecules of food

A

Taste buds

1st yr (10 decks)

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