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1st yr > NA Special Funtions > Flashcards

NA Special Funtions Flashcards

1
Q

Passage of electrical charge along the neural body (intracellular connection)

A

Nerve conduction

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2
Q

Changes in the internal polarity of the neuron

A

Nerve conduction

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3
Q

Beginning at the body of the neuron and propagating towards the proximal part of the axon until after a certain event triggers conduction of electrical charge towards the terminal axon

A

Nerve conduction

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4
Q

Post axon hillock activation

A

Nerve transmission

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5
Q

Electrical charge travels throughout the entire axon unless facilitated by saltatory conduction

A

Nerve transmission

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6
Q

Reaches terminal knob where certain activities are triggered
Synaptic activities ensures

A

Nerve transmission

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7
Q

Nerve conduction - occurs within the neuron
Nerve transmission - occurs in the synapse; one neuron to another

A

true

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8
Q

Cells were constant changes are always happening due to the multiple and different process that takes place inside and outside of it

A

Dynamic Cell

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9
Q

Electrical charge of the environment and not the direction

A

Polarity

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10
Q

Neutral charge, maybe slightly negative or positive due to the presence of ions

A

Polar

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11
Q

state of the cell when the environment outside is positive while the inside of the cell is negative

A

polar

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12
Q

Electrical charge of the fluid outside the cell
Usually POSITIVE

A

Extracellular polarity

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13
Q

Electrical charge of the fluid inside the cell
Usually NEGATIVE

A

Intracellular polarity

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14
Q

Promoted by the different dynamic processes happening

A

Maintenance of the polarity

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15
Q

why is ICP negative?

A

Large proteins that are negatively charged
Influx and efflux of charged ion particles
Sodium-potassium pump

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16
Q

State of neuron where nothing is happening however dynamic conduction might be occurring

A

Resting Membrane Potential

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17
Q

level that a depolarization must reach for an action potential to occur

A

Threshold of excitation

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18
Q

what is the resting membrane potential

A

-70 mv (-0.07 v)

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19
Q

State of neuron where transmission of electrical charge is happening

A

Action Potential

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20
Q

membrane voltage or potential is determined at any time by the relative ratio of ions, extracellular to intracellular, and the permeability of each ion

A

Action Potential

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21
Q

steps of action potential

A

depolarization
repolarization
resting potential

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21
Q

Ang normal state is negative sa loob, tas dahil bumukas yung Na+ channels papasok yung Na+ kaya magiging positive sa loob

A

depolarization

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21
Q

Sodium ions go inside, so the inside becomes more positive

A

depolarization

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22
Q

To maintain polarity

A

repolarization

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23
Q

Na+ channels are inactivated and additional K+ channels have opened so that the membrane cannot depolarize again

A

Repolarization

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24
Q

Lalabas ang potassium ions (K+) kc masyadong nang positive sa loob kaya stostop na pasok si Na+ and aalis si K+ para mag-balance sila

A

repolarization

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25
Q

Action potential continues to travel down the axon
Nag-balance na

A

Resting potential

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26
Q

Process of changing the polarity whether to become more negative or positive from its present polarized state

A

Polarization

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27
Q

Series of changes that occur to a nerve cell that leads to an activation of its function

A

polarization

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28
Q

Process by which neuron regains its negative resting potential

Voltage-gated sodium channels will close and potassium channels will open

A

repolarization

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28
Q

Loss of polarization

A

depolarization

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28
Q

Loss of the the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane of nerve cell due to a change in permeability and migration of sodium ions to the interior

A

depolarization

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29
Q

Inhibits action potentials by increasing the stimulus required to move the membrane potential to the action potential threshold

A

hyperpolarization

29
Q

Change in cell’s membrane potential that makes it more negative

A

hyperpolarization

29
Q

repolarization is between

A

+30 to +40 mv

30
Q

Tapos na yung action potential, pero may lumalabas parin na K+, kaya mas negative onti

A

hyperpolarization

31
Q

Interval of time during which a second action potential can be initiated but initiation will require a greater stimulus than before

A

Relative Refractory Period

32
Q

Caused by the inactivation gate of the Na+ channel

A

Relative Refractory Period

33
Q

After na-stimulate yung neuron, may susunod pa na stimulus pero hindi umabot sa threshold level (-55 to -65 mv) kc hindi na-activate yung Na+ channels kaya hindi makapasok yung mga positive ions to reach depolarization

A

Relative Refractory Period

34
Q

Brief interval after a successful stimulus without a second shock

A

Absolute Refractory Period

35
Q

To achieve action potential
Need to shoot up lahat or at least umabot sa minimum threshold para mag-trigger

A

all or none principle

36
Q

EPSP

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

36
Q

Change in membrane voltage of a postsynaptic cell following the influx of positively charged ions (NA+) resulting in the activation of ligand-sensitive channels

A

EPSP

36
Q

Postsynaptic potential that make it more likely to fire an action potential

A

EPSP

37
Q

Makes postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential

A

IPSP

38
Q

IPSP

A

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

39
Q

in IPSP wat is released?

A

Cl-

40
Q

2 simultaneous stimuli at different locations cause EPSP that add together

Dalawang baril sabay tumira ng bala
2 neurons shot one stimuli at the same time

A

Spatial Summation

40
Q

2 excitatory stimuli close in time cause EPSPs that add together

Isang baril that shot twice
One neuron releases 2 stimulus

A

Temporal Summation

41
Q

saltus

A

Lt: “leap” or “jump”

41
Q

Propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one nodes of Ranvier to another

A

Saltatory Conduction

42
Q

Increases the conduction velocity of action potentials

A

Saltatory Conduction

43
Q

Regenerating the action potential between region of the axon that are insulated by myelin

A

Saltatory Conduction

44
Q

Allows one neuron to communicate with many other neurons in a network

A

divergence

44
Q

entails the distribution of synapses from an individual neuron onto multiple postsynaptic partners

A

divergence

45
Q

Allows a neuron to receive input from many neurons in a network

A

convergence

46
Q

involves multiple neurons providing input onto a common postsynaptic partner

A

convergence

47
Q

Form of short-term plasticity that enhances synaptic transmission for less than a second

A

Facilitation

48
Q

Ubiquitous phenomenon thought to play a critical role in information transfer and neural processing

A

Facilitation

49
Q

Transient increase in synaptic strength that occurs when two or more action potentials invade the presynaptic terminal in close succession

A

Facilitation

50
Q

Increase in effect of a presynaptic neuron on a postsynaptic neuron caused by a third neuron that makes an axoaxonic synapse with the presynaptic neuron near its terminal button

A

Facilitation

51
Q

Phenomenon in which a neuron’s response to a stimulus is inhibited by the excitation of a neighboring neuron

A

Lateral Inhibition

52
Q

Capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors

A

Lateral Inhibition

53
Q

Disables the spreading of action potentials from excited neurons to neighboring neurons in the lateral direction

A

Lateral Inhibition

53
Q

Message continues to be passed along the next cell

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

53
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters

A

AANNGHA:
Aspartate
Adrenaline/Epinephrine
Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine
Nitric oxide
Glutamate
Histamine
ATP

54
Q

Prevent the chemical message from being passed along any further

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

54
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GGSD:
Glycine
GABA
Serotonin
Dopamine

55
Q

both excitatory and inhibitatory

A

NNADS:
Norepinephrine
Neuropeptides
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin (mostly inhibitory)

56
Q

3 types of neurotransmitters

A

ester
amino acid
amines

57
Q

ester

A

acetylcholine (learning)

58
Q

amino acid

A

Glycine
GABA
Glutamate
Aspartate

59
Q

Amines

A

Catecholamine (Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine)
Indolamine (Serotonin Histamine)

60
Q

Fight or flight
Increases heart rate and blood flow, leading to physical boost and heightened awareness

A

adrenaline/epinephrine

61
Q

Concentration
Affects attention and responding action in the brain
Contracts blood vessels, increasing blood flow

A

noradrenaline/norepinephrine

62
Q

Calming
Improve focus, lower anxiety levels, contributes to motor and vision

A

GABA

62
Q

Pleasure
People repeat behavior that lead to dopamine release

A

dopamine

62
Q

Mood
Well-being and happiness, sleep cycle and digestive regulation

A

serotonin

63
Q

Learning
Thought, learning, and memory. Activates muscle action and associated with attention and awakening

A

Acetylcholine

64
Q

Memory
Most common. Involved in learning and memory. Regulates nerve connections

A

Glutamate

65
Q

Euphoria
Sense of well-being and pain reduction

A

Endorphins

1st yr (10 decks)

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