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1st yr > neuro ana (embryology) > Flashcards

neuro ana (embryology) Flashcards

1
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

cerebral cortex, amygdala, basal ganglia, hippocampus, olfactory bulb

A

telencephalon

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3
Q

mouth-like opening of the archenteron

A

Blastopore

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4
Q

gastrulation assigns tasks to the layers of cells. T/F

A

T

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5
Q

Alveolar cells
Thyroid cells
Pancreatic cells

A

Endoderm

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6
Q

forms the inner lining of organs

A

endoderm

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7
Q

Skin cells of epidermis
Neurons
Pigment cells

A

Ectoderm

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8
Q

neural plate bends up and later fuses to form the hollow tube

A

neurulation process

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9
Q

serve as the bridge that connects each cerebral hemisphere with the opposite half of the cerebellum.

A

crus cerebri

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10
Q

traits, shapes, characteristics, and form that can be observed

A

Phenotype

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11
Q

results of meiosis

A

haploid cells

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12
Q

(hollow ball) - establish polarity and axes

A

Blastula

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13
Q

cell differentiation results from mitosis. T/F

A

F; meiosis (? di ko sure if tama ba toh)

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14
Q

segmentation

A

Body plan

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15
Q

Cells change their function or phenotype

A

Cell differentiation

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16
Q

2 sets of chromosomes

A

diploid cells

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17
Q

Form the anterior end of neural tube

A

Neural folds

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18
Q

rhombencephalon

A

metencephalon, myelencephalon

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19
Q

a longitudinal flexible rod of cells that in the lowest chordates

A

Notochord

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20
Q

stages during development

A

zygote, blastula, gastrulation, body plan, morphanogenesis

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21
Q

3 primary brain vesicles:

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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22
Q

cells can travel to certain places where they can
still differentiate into their specific forms

A

cell migration

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23
Q

diencephalon

A

epithalamus, hypothalamus, thalamus

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24
Q

fluid-filled cavity or the blastula

A

Blastocoel

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25
Q

Migrate throughout the embryo and give rise to larger range of cells

A

Neural crest

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26
Q

Results from 2 haploid cells and turns into a diploid once combined

A

zygote

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27
Q

deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy

A

abortion in the ph

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28
Q

cell division producing cells with half of the chromosome strands (23 strands) (1 set)

A

meiosis

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29
Q

Cardiac and skeletal muscles
Tubules of kidney
Red blood cells
Smooth muscles in the gut

A

Mesoderm

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30
Q

further develop and differentiate into the brain and the spinal cord of the central nervous system

A

neurulation process

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31
Q

results of mitosis

A

diploid cells (4 identical daughter cells)

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32
Q

Medulla
Sensory and motor nuclei and pathways
Cranial nerve nuclei
Caudal end - Spinal cord

A

Myelencephalon

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33
Q

Formation of specific cells for a specific phenotype

A

Cell specialization

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34
Q

fertilized egg cell

A

zygote

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35
Q

Will become the central nervous system

A

Neural tube

36
Q

Hollow longitudinal dorsal tube that was formed by the fusion of the neural folds

A

Neural tube

37
Q

pregnancy termination prior to 20 weeks’ gestation or a fetus born weighing less than 500 g

A

abortion according to the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and World Health Organization

38
Q

indent of the neural plate in between the neural folds

A

Neural groove

39
Q

cell division producing cells with a complete chromosome set (23 pairs)

40
Q

Ponds
Cerebellum

A

Metencephalon

41
Q

develops into the organs

42
Q

consequence of gastrulation

A

embryonic germ layer

43
Q

Consequence of morphogenesis

A

Organogenesis

44
Q

embryos are what fertilized egg cells called after fertilization. T/F

45
Q

the irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions or the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem

46
Q

from mono to multiple layer

A

gastrulation

47
Q

forebrain

A

prosencephalon

48
Q

Unborn offspring, 2-8 weeks after conception

49
Q

hypophysis cerebri, thalamus

A

diencephalon

50
Q

Study of embryos and their development

A

Embryology

51
Q

Movement of cell to produce a certain form or shape based on their programming

A

Morphogenesis

52
Q

Collection of multipotent stem cells located at the side of the neural tube

A

Neural crest

53
Q

prosencephalon

A

telencephalon, diencephalon

54
Q

layers of embryonic germ layer

A

ecto, meso, endoderm

55
Q

Lateral longitudinal folds of each side of the neural plate
When fused will give rise to the neural tube

A

Neural folds

56
Q

Consequence of cell differentiation

A

Cell specialization

57
Q

relays inhibitory signals to the thalamus and basal nuclei to prevent unwanted body movement

58
Q

forms the exoskeleton

59
Q

Specific cells combine to take form that would suit its function (combine to form organ)

A

Organogenesis

60
Q

stages of baby

A

zygote, embryo, fetus

61
Q

fertilization

A

conception

62
Q

mesencephalon

63
Q

8 cell stage

64
Q

1 set of chromosomes

A

haploid cells

65
Q

Portion of the ectoderm that will contain the neural folds and crest during neurulation

A

Neural plate

66
Q

cavity at gastrula stage

A

Archenteron

67
Q

top when referring to brain and head

68
Q

bottom when referring to brain and head

68
Q

Composed of the brain and the spinal
cord

68
Q

communicates with sennse organs and voluntary control

A

somatic ns

69
Q

Composed of all the nerves outside of
the brain and the spinal cord such as
the somatic nerves and the cranial
nerves i.e. afferent and efferent nerves

69
Q

more of
a functional division rather than an
anatomical division

involuntary movement

A

autonomic ns

70
Q

communicates with internal organs and glands

A

autonomic ns

71
Q

Functions and operations of the different neuroanatomical parts

A

Functional neuroanatomy

72
Q

Diseases and other pathological disorders of the different neuroanatomical parts

A

Clinical neuroanatomy

72
Q

Macro and microscopic structures of brain

A

Neuroanatomy

73
Q

Functions and processes of the brain

A

Neurophysiology

73
Q

Drugs and chemicals that alter brain function for treatment purposes

A

Neuropharmacology

74
Q

Endogenous chemicals (hormones) produced by the brain or other structures that affects brain functions

A

Neuroendocrinology

75
Q

Chemicals that comprises the fluid contents and other parts of the brain

A

Neurochemistry

76
Q

Study of diseased or injured brain post death

A

Neuropathology

76
Q

Treatment and management of the diseased or injured brain

76
Q

Monitor physiological responses of the body using noninvasive recording and study the resulting psychological consequences

A

Psychological physiology

76
Q

Direct manipulation of the brain (invasive) and studying the consequence or effect of manipulation

A

Physiological psychology

77
Q

Relationship between anatomy and physiology of the brain
How brain enables the mind
Executive functions
Higher order thinking skills

A

Cognitive neurosciences

77
Q

Human cognition
Individual components of mental processes can be identified and understood
Lower order thinking skills
subjective

A

Cognitive psychology

1st yr (10 decks)

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