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Pharmacology Exam > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Donepezil

A
  • Anti- alzheimers- AchE inhibitors
  • Mild to severe alzheimers
  • symptom control
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2
Q

Rivastigmine

A
  • Anti- alzheimers- AchE inhibitors
  • Mild to severe alzheimers
  • dementia of AD and PD
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3
Q

Memantine

A
  • Anti- alzheimers- AchE inhibitors
  • Mild to severe alzheimers
  • Blocks NMDA glutamate receptors for mod to severe AD
  • Lewy body dementia
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4
Q

Levodopa/ Carbidopa

A
  • Dopamine precursor
  • Carbidopa- inhibits DOPA decarboxylase
  • Levodopa- substrate for DA synthesis, poor penetration into CNS bc of metabolism peripherally into DA
  • PD
  • sensitization develops over time, increased dyskenesias, rigidity
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5
Q

Pramipexole

A
  • Dopamine agonist
  • bind/activate postsynaptic DA receptors
  • less frequent dosing
  • PD
  • may cause excessive sedation
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6
Q

Bromocriptine

A
  • Dopamine agonist
  • PD and acromegally, pituitary tumors
  • major SE of pulmonary fibrosis
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7
Q

Benzotropine

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • PD
  • similar to atropine or diphenhydramine
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8
Q

Scopalamine

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • muscle spasticity or tremor
  • PD, IBS, motion sickness
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9
Q

Amantadine

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • antagonizes NMDA receptors leading to less excitatory action
  • treats levodopa induced dyskinesias late in disease
  • also treats influenza A
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10
Q

Glatiramer acetate

A
  • Immune modulator- suppresses T cells
  • relapsing/remitting MS
  • BLACK BOX hypersensitivity rxn, post injection rxn, CP, skin necrosis, interference with immune function
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11
Q

Fingolimod

A
  • Relapsing forms of MS
  • Block lymphocyte ability to emerge from lymph node, resulting in fewer leukocytes
  • DO NOT use with class 1 or 2 antiarrythmics
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12
Q

Interferon B1

A
  • Relapsing forms of MS
  • alters response to surface antigen, enhances immune cell activities
  • BLACK BOX hypo/hyperthyroidism, bone marrow suppression, flu sx, hepatic injury, neuropsych sx, thrombotic issues
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13
Q

Botulinum toxin

A
  • Inhibits Ach
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14
Q

Baclofen

A
  • MS- for muscle spasticity
  • DO NOT use with stroke, PD, CP
  • MUST TAPER
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15
Q

Tizanidine

A
  • MS- for muscle spasticity- alpha 2 agonist

- DO NOT use with stroke, PD, CP

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16
Q

Gabapentin

A
  • GABA analogue- inhibits Ca channels
  • Epilepsy
  • Hepatotoxicity, suicidal behavior
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17
Q

Pregabalin

A
  • GABA analogue- inhibits Ca channels
  • Epilepsy
  • Hepatotoxicity, suicidal behavior
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18
Q

Carbamazepine

A
  • Sodium channel blocker

- Bipolar 1

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19
Q

Phenytoin

A
  • Sodium channel blocker
  • tonic/clinic sz, neuralgia, cardiac glycoside induced arrhythmia
  • MANY drug interactions
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20
Q

Diazepam

A
  • Benzo- potentiates GABA
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21
Q

Valproate

A
  • Possibly GABA related MOA
  • Epilepsy, migraine, mania
  • birth defects, SI
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22
Q

Topiramate

A
  • Possibly enhances GABA, blocks Na channels
  • fetal tox, SI, sudden death
  • epilepsy
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23
Q

Lamotrigine

A
  • Possibly inhibits Na
  • epilepsy, bipolar 1
  • SI, sudden death
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24
Q

Gabapentin

A
  • Ca channel blocker

- nerve pain

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25
Q

Pregabalin

A
  • Ca channel blocker

- nerve pain

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26
Q

Sumatriptan

A
  • Serotonin receptor agonist- vasoconstrict
  • migraine
  • CI- CVD, HTN, PAD, arrhythmia, TIA, MAOI, LV impairment
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27
Q

Botulinum tosin

A
  • Blocks Ach release
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28
Q

Valproate

A
  • possibly inhibits GABA

- migraine, epilepsy, bipolar 1

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29
Q

Topiramate

A
  • Possibly inhibits Na, GABA

- Migraine

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30
Q

Bupivacaine

A
  • Amide anesthetic- nerve block
  • local/regional
  • Pregnancy B- safer than procaine
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31
Q

Lidocaine

A
  • Amide anesthetic- nerve block
  • local/regional
  • Pregnancy B- safer than procaine
32
Q

Procaine

A
  • Amide anesthetic- nerve block

- SPINAL, NO topical effect

33
Q

Ketamine

A
  • Amide anesthetic- nerve block
  • General- blocks NMDA receptors
  • Pregnancy B
  • BLACK BOX hallucinations, psych sx
34
Q

Diphenhydramine

A
  • 1st gen antihistamines
  • somnorific, N/V, allergies
  • anticholinergic working on vestibular nucleus
  • BLACK BOX do not use with obstructions
35
Q

Hydroxyzine

A
  • 1st gen antihistamines
  • somnorific, N/V, allergies
  • anticholinergic working on vestibular nucleus
  • BLACK BOX do not use with obstructions
36
Q

Promethazine

A
  • 1st gen antihistamines
  • somnorific, N/V, allergies
  • anticholinergic working on vestibular nucleus
  • BLACK BOX do not use with obstructions
37
Q

Zolpidem

A
  • Non- BENZO hypnotic- interacts with GABA- B2 receptors
  • AE- perform complex natural behaviors while asleep- may also kill your family and eat your cats-
    AMBIEN
38
Q

Lamotrigine

A
  • Anti- convulsant
  • Decrease Na
  • SI
39
Q

Valproate

A
  • Anti- convulsant
  • Increase GABA
  • SI
40
Q

Carbamazepine

A
  • Anti- convulsant
  • Decrease Na
  • SI
41
Q

Rispiridone

A
  • Atypical antipsychotic
42
Q

Aripiprazole

A
  • Atypical antipsychotic
43
Q

Quetrapine

A
  • Atypical antipsychotic
44
Q

Lithium

A
  • Narrow window- monitor blood levels
  • Antipsychotic
  • DO NOT restrict Na intake
45
Q

Haloperidol

A
  • Classical antipsychotic- 1st gen “neuroleptics”
  • D2 antagonists- more side effects, but less metabolic risk
  • anticholinergic
  • QT prolonged
46
Q

Phenothiazines

A
  • Classical antipsychotic- 1st gen “neuroleptics”
  • D2 antagonists- more side effects, but less metabolic risk
  • used for N/V
  • BLACK BOX increase in mortality with elderly with dementia or related psychosis
47
Q

Risperidone

A
  • Atypical anti-psychotics- 2nd gen- primarily serotonin and DA antagonists, fewer side effects but more metabolic risk
  • schiz, mania, irritability in autism
48
Q

Quetiapine

A
  • Atypical anti-psychotics- 2nd gen- primarily serotonin and DA antagonists, fewer side effects but more metabolic risk
  • schiz, mania
49
Q

Ariprprazole

A
  • Atypical anti-psychotics- 2nd gen- primarily serotonin and DA antagonists, fewer side effects but more metabolic risk
  • schiz, mania/ mixed episodes in bipolar 1, tourettes, irritibility in autism
  • anticholinergic sx, QT prolong
  • BLACK MOB increase in mortality in elderly with dementia and related psychosis
50
Q

Clozapine

A
  • Atypical anti-psychotics- 2nd gen- primarily serotonin and DA antagonists, fewer side effects but more metabolic risk
  • schiz that is tx resistant, SI risk reduction
  • GET neutrophil count before initiating
  • MUST TAPER
  • BLACK BOX increase in mortality in elderly with dementia and related psychosis, severe neutropenia, orthostatic BP, bradycardia, syncope, sz, cardiomyopathy
51
Q

Phenelzine

A
  • MAO inhibitor- accumulation of EPI, NE, DA, serotonin in synaptic cleft
  • Depression- used when other meds hav failed
52
Q

Amitriptyline

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressant- nonspecific inhibition of catecholamine reuptake
  • do not use with other anti-depressants
53
Q

Mirtazapine

A

-tetracyclic antidepressant- NE and serotonin potentiation

54
Q

Buproprion

A
  • Atypical antidepressant
  • NE, serotonin, DA reuptake inhibitor
  • CI- Sz and eating d/o
55
Q

Trazadone

A
  • Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor

- Depression

56
Q

Fluoxetine

A
  • SSRI
  • MDD, panic d/o, OCD, bulimia, PMDD
  • DO NOT use with most other antidepressants
57
Q

Escitalopram

A
  • SSRI

- MDD, GAD

58
Q

Paroxetine

A
  • SSRI
  • MDD, social anxiety, OCD, panic, GAD, PTSD
  • Serotonin syndrome
59
Q

Duloxetine

A
  • SNRI

- MDD, GAD, DM neuopathy, chronic MSK pain

60
Q

Venlafaxine

A
  • SNRI
  • MDD
  • Hepatoxicicity
  • DO NOT use with angle closure glaucoma and sz
61
Q

Alrazolam

A
  • Benzo- enhance GABA
  • Panic and anxiety d/o
  • short acting
62
Q

Diazepam

A
  • Benzo- enhance GABA
  • Panic and anxiety d/o, muscle relaxant, alcohol withdrawal
  • long acting
63
Q

Buspirone

A
  • Non benzo anxiety med
  • non addictive
  • AE- hostility
  • Pregnancy B
64
Q

Dextramphetamine

A
  • CNS stimulant
  • anorexia/ Wt loss
  • fatigue, ADHD, narcolepsy, tx resistant depression
65
Q

Phentermine

A
  • CNS stimulant
  • anorexia/ Wt loss
  • Pregnancy X
66
Q

Dextroamphetamine

A
  • CNS stimulant

- ADD/ADHD

67
Q

Methylphenidate

A
  • CNS stimulant

- ADD/ADHD

68
Q

Atomoxatine

A
  • CNS stimulant
  • ADD/ADHD
  • BLACK BOX SI in kids
69
Q

Modatinil

A
  • CNS stimulant

- Narcolepsy

70
Q

Dextro/methylamphenamine

A
  • CNS stimulant

- Narcolepsy

71
Q

Caffeine

A
  • CNS stimulant

- increases cAMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, Increases NE, Vasoconstriction

72
Q

Cocaine

A
  • CNS stimulant

- blocks reuptake of serotonin, NE, DA, EPi, increased NE means more adrenergic effects. shympathomimetic

73
Q

Ketamine

A
  • Hallucinogen- blocks NMDA

- General/ topical anesthetic

74
Q

Cannabis

A
  • Hallucinogen

- glaucoma, anorexia/cachexia, N/V, MS, pain, PD

75
Q

Buproprion

A
  • Smoking cessation
76
Q

Nicotine

A
  • Smoking cessation
77
Q

Varenicline

A
  • Smoking cessation

- BLACK BOX CNS depression, hypersensitivity, SI, somnabulism, CV event, sz

Pharmacology Exam (12 decks)

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