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Pharmacology Exam > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate

A
  • Pepto- OTC, stimulates PG/E2 secretions
  • Diarrhea
  • Impeded H pylori
  • AE- all the black things
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2
Q

Cromolyn sodium

A
  • Mast cell stabilizer

- Diarrhea

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3
Q

Diphenoxylate/ atropine

A
  • Anticholinergic- relaxes sm and prolongs transit time
  • Diarrhea
  • CI- Pseudomembranous colitis or enterotoxin bacteria
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4
Q

Loperamide

A
  • Imodium, mu agonist/opiod, slows intestinal motility
  • Diarrhea
  • CI- gut infection, pseudomembranous colitis
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5
Q

Octreotide

A
  • For diarrhea associated with secreting tumors, prolongs transit
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6
Q

Diphenhydramine

A
  • First gen antihistamine/anticholinergic
  • N/V, dizziness associated with motion, allergic reaction
  • BLACK BOX do not use in obstruction, BPH, narrow angle glaucoma
  • CI- neonates, lactation
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7
Q

Meclizine

A
  • First gen antihistamine/anticholinergic
  • N/V, dizziness associated with motion
  • BLACK BOX do not use in obstruction, BPH, narrow angle glaucoma
  • CI- neonates, lactation
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8
Q

Ondansetron

A
  • 5 HT3 blocker

- Nausea due to chemo, rad, surgery

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9
Q

Promethazine

A
  • Phenothiazine, similar to antipsychotic and first gen H blockers
  • Severe N/V, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urdicaria, sedation, motion sickness, post op pain
  • AE- extrapyramidal- psudo PD, sedation
  • CI- <2 yo due to decrease in resp drive, asthma
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10
Q

Prochlorperazine

A
  • Phenothiazine, similar to antipsychotic and first gen H blockers
  • Severe N/V, schizophrenia
  • AE- extrapyramidal- psudo PD, sedation
  • CI- <2 yo due to decrease in resp drive, asthma
  • BLACK BOX- increased mortality in elderly with dementia- related to psychosis
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11
Q

Scopalamine

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • N/V due to motion sickness, post surgery
  • CI angle closure glaucoma
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12
Q

Docusate

A
  • Stool softener, surfactant

- Constipation

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13
Q

Lactulose

A
  • Oral osmotic- softener and laxative

- Constipation

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14
Q

Milk of magnesium

A
  • Oral osmotic- softener and laxative

- Constipation

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15
Q

PEG 3350

A
  • Miralax
  • Oral osmotic- softener and laxative
  • Constipation
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16
Q

Bisacodyl

A
  • Laxative- take at bedtime, 8 hr lapse for onset

- Constipation, colon prep

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17
Q

Sodium phosphate

A
  • Laxative- take at bedtime, 8 hr lapse for onset

- Colon prep

18
Q

Bismuth coiloids

A
  • Cytoprotectant, against h-pylori
19
Q

Misoprostol

A
  • Cytoprotectant, prostaglandin conjugate
  • Prevention of NSAID induced ulcers
  • Pregnancy category X
  • AE- diarrhea
20
Q

Sucralfate

A
  • Cytoprotectant, adheres to gastric mucosa, little systemic absorbtion
  • AE- possible constipation
21
Q

Cimetidine

A
  • H2 blocker, chemically related to histamine, reversibly, competatively inhibits H2 binding to decrease gastric acid
  • PUD, GERD
  • CYP 450 interactions, zollenger-ellison syndrome
22
Q

Rantidine

A
  • H2 blocker, chemically related to histamine, reversibly, competatively inhibits H2 binding to decrease gastric acid
  • PUD, GERD
  • CYP 450 interactions, zollenger-ellison syndrome
23
Q

Omeprazole

A
  • PPI, block parietal cell H/K-ATPase- irreversicle- takes 18 hours for parietal cell to make new molecules
  • GERD, H-pylori, ulcers
    AE- Hip fracture risk, rebound hypersecretion, increased gastrin release
  • Hospital use- increased risk of pneumonia, C.diff, GI infx
24
Q

Esomeprazole

A
  • PPI, block parietal cell H/K-ATPase- irreversicle- takes 18 hours for parietal cell to make new molecules
  • GERD, H-pylori, ulcers
    AE- Hip fracture risk, rebound hypersecretion, increased gastrin release
  • Hospital use- increased risk of pneumonia, C.diff, GI infx
25
Q

Lansoprazole

A
  • PPI, block parietal cell H/K-ATPase- irreversicle- takes 18 hours for parietal cell to make new molecules
  • GERD, H-pylori, ulcers
    AE- Hip fracture risk, rebound hypersecretion, increased gastrin release
  • Hospital use- increased risk of pneumonia, C.diff, GI infx
26
Q

Pantoprazole

A
  • PPI, block parietal cell H/K-ATPase- irreversicle- takes 18 hours for parietal cell to make new molecules
  • GERD, H-pylori, ulcers
    AE- Hip fracture risk, rebound hypersecretion, increased gastrin release
  • Hospital use- increased risk of pneumonia, C.diff, GI infx
27
Q

Sulfasalazine

A
  • 5-amino salicylates
  • ASA for the colon, inhibits COX
  • UC, IBD
  • CI- ASA/ sulfa sensitivity, GI/GU obstruction
  • AE- HA, GI distress, Oligospermia
28
Q

Mesalazine

A
  • 5-amino salicylates
  • Blocks PG synthesis
  • IBD, UC
  • CI- ASA/ sulfa sensitivity, GI/GU obstruction
  • AE- HA, GI distress, Oligospermia
29
Q

Predisone, Hydrocortisone

A
  • Oral steroid

- IBD

30
Q

Prednisolone

A
  • Oral steroid

- IBD

31
Q

Methylprednisone

A
  • Oral steroid

- IBD

32
Q

Dexamethasone

A
  • Oral steroid

- IBD

33
Q

Dicyclomine

A
  • Antispasmotic/ anticholinergic

- IBS

34
Q

Hyoscyamine

A
  • Anticholinergic

- IBS

35
Q

Scopalamine

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • IBS
  • Smooth muscle spasticity
36
Q

H-pylori triple therapy

A
  • PPI + 2 antibiotics (metronidasole or amoxacillin + clarithromycin)
37
Q

H-pylori quadruple therapy

A
  • PPI + metronidazole + tetracycline + bismuth subsalicylate
38
Q

Ursodeoxycholic acid

A
  • Gallstone solubility

- Cholelithiasis, primary biliary cirrhosis

39
Q

Megestrol acetate

A
  • Cachexia- progestin
  • anorexia of AIDS
  • Pregnancy category X
40
Q

Metoclopramide

A
  • Diabetic gastroparesis- facilitates gastric emptying, GERD, DA blocker
41
Q

Pilocarpine

A
  • Parasympathomimetic

- sjogrens, dry mouth

Pharmacology Exam (12 decks)

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