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Pharmacology Exam > Immune > Flashcards

Immune Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin VK

A
  • Cell wall synthesis inhibitor- inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis, B- lactam abx= largest and most widely used class of cell wall syn inhibitor
  • narrow spectrum- GRAM POS- areobic/anerobic
  • broken down by B- Lactamases
  • SE- hypersensitivity rxns, anaphylaxis, sz, rash, nephritis
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2
Q

Ampicillin

A
  • Broad spectrum- man made
  • Cell wall synthesis inhibitor- inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis, B- lactam abx= largest and most widely used class of cell wall syn inhibitor
  • ammino penicillin- pos charge enhances diffusion
  • GRAM POS and NEG
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3
Q

Amoxicillin

A
  • Broad spectrum- man made
  • Cell wall synthesis inhibitor- inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis, B- lactam abx= largest and most widely used class of cell wall syn inhibitor
  • ammino penicillin- pos charge enhances diffusion
  • GRAM POS and NEG
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4
Q

Amoxicillin/ Clavulante

A
  • Broad spectrum- man made
  • Cell wall synthesis inhibitor- inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis, B- lactam abx= largest and most widely used class of cell wall syn inhibitor
  • ammino penicillin- pos charge enhances diffusion
  • GRAM POS and NEG
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5
Q

Cephalexin

A
  • Cephalosporin- cross reactivity with PCNs
  • 1st gen- gram neg and pos
  • UTI pneumonia, skin/soft tissue infection
  • AE- N/V/D, rash, colitis, decrease in WBC/PLT, hepatotoxicity
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6
Q

Cefuroxime

A
  • Cephalosporin- cross reactivity with PCNs
  • 2nd gen
  • URI, H flu
  • AE- KD/LV dysfxn, GI
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7
Q

Ceftriaxone

A
  • Cephalosporin- cross reactivity with PCNs
  • 3rd gen
  • URI, Gonorrhea
  • AE- GI, Disulfuram RX with alcohol
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8
Q

Cefdinir

A
  • Cephalosporin- cross reactivity with PCNs
  • 3rd gen
  • Resistant to many B lactams, e coli, protens, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, neisseria, h flu
  • less active against G pos
  • AE- GI, cholestatic hepatitis, Disulfuram rxn with alcohol
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9
Q

Vancomycin

A
  • Glycopeptide- blocks glycopeptide polymerization in cell wall
  • Mostly IV- oral version not effective for systemic infx
  • BLACK BOX- fetal toxicity with IV admin
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10
Q

Doxycycline

A
  • Protein synthesis inhibitor- tetraclycline
  • Pregancy D
  • Safer in KD dz
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Acne, PID, syph, malria, lyme
  • CI- under 8 yo
  • AE- tooth/bone abnormalities, prolong QT, photosensitivity
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11
Q

Minocycline

A
  • Protein synthesis inhibitor- tetraclycline
  • Pregancy D
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Acne, PID, syph, malria, lyme
  • CI- under 8 yo
  • AE- tooth/bone abnormalities, prolong QT, photosensitivity
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12
Q

Azithromycin

A
  • Macrolide- baceriostatic
  • Pulm infx, legionnaires, pneumonia, travelers diarrhea
  • AE- prolong QT, increase GI motility, N/V/D, acute cholestatic hepatitis
  • CYP450 inhibitor
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13
Q

Erythromycin

A
  • Macrolide- baceriostatic
  • Pulm infx, legionnaires, pneumonia, travelers diarrhea
  • AE- prolong QT, increase GI motility, N/V/D, acute cholestatic hepatitis
  • CYP450 inhibitor
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14
Q

Clarithromycin

A
  • Macrolide- baceriostatic
  • Pulm infx, legionnaires, pneumonia, travelers diarrhea
  • AE- prolong QT, increase GI motility, N/V/D, acute cholestatic hepatitis
  • CYP450 inhibitor
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15
Q

Clindamycin

A
  • Lincosimide- block peptide bond formation
  • topical- acne, roseacea, BV
  • oral- serious anaeorbic infxn due to bacteroides, osteomyleitis, PID, sinusitis, strep, otitis media
  • BROAD spec
  • AE- c- diff, pseudomembranous colotis, increase in LFT, jaundice, rash
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16
Q

Gentamicin

A
  • Aminoglycoside
  • topical for eye infection/ corneal ulcer
  • oral for serious infections many of the same organisms as cefdinir
  • BLACK BOX- nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
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17
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A
  • DNA synthesis inhibitor- Flouroquinolones- inhibit isomeraces to stabilize incomplete DNA
  • Bactericidal at therapeutic dose
  • GI/GU/Resp infx cause by Gram NEG
  • AE- cartiage damage, tendon rupture, prolong QT, peripheral nephropathy
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18
Q

Levofloxacin

A
  • DNA synthesis inhibitor- Flouroquinolones- inhibit isomeraces to stabilize incomplete DNA
  • Bactericidal at therapeutic dose
  • GI/GU/Resp infx cause by Gram NEG
  • AE- cartiage damage, tendon rupture, prolong QT, peripheral nephropathy
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19
Q

Mupirocin

A
  • RNA synthesis inhibitor- reversibly binds
  • staff, strep
  • topical for MRSA, imetigo
  • caution with open wounds
20
Q

Rifaximin

A
  • RNA synthesis inhibitor- monoxycarbolic acid agent- binds bacterial DNA- Dependent RNA polymerase
  • IBS-D, hepatic encephalopathy, Travelers D
21
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A
  • Everything inhibitor- disrupts DNA, ribosomal proteins, cell respiration, pyruvate metabolism
  • cystitis/UTI, ecoli
  • CI- late pregnancy
22
Q

Sulfamethazole

A
  • PABA analogue/ Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor- blocks folate syn
  • travelers D, UTI, OM, shigella
  • CI- infants, pregnant women at term, lactation
  • AE- SJS, sulfa allergies
23
Q

Sulfamethazole/ Trimethoprim

A
  • PABA analogue/ Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor- blocks folate syn
  • greater coverage for UTI, LRI, URI, bacteriostatic
24
Q

Trimethoprim

A
  • PABA analogue/ Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor- blocks folate syn
  • folate analogue, inhibits dihydrofolate reduction in bacteria
  • AE- SJS, leukopenia, megaloblastic anemia
25
Q

Bacitracin

A
  • Triple antibiotic
  • topical for derm/ eye infx
  • oral for C diff.
  • AE- Kd, neuro, bone marrow tox
26
Q

Neomycin

A
  • Triple antibiotic
  • aminoglycoside
  • ototoxicity
27
Q

Polymyxin B

A
  • Triple antibiotic

- cell wall permeability

28
Q

Isoniazid

A
  • Anti- TB

- AE- severe hepatitis, peripheral neurop

29
Q

Rifampin

A
  • Anti- TB
  • AE- LV dysfunction
  • TB, leprosy- old school dz
30
Q

Fluconazole

A
  • Anti-fungal- Triazole- membrane disruptors

- CYP 450 inhibition

31
Q

Ketoconazole

A
  • Anti-fungal- Triazole- membrane disruptors
  • Drug of choice with systemic candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis
  • most widely used azole
32
Q

Nystatin

A
  • Anti fungal- polyene- membrane disruptor
  • Used in all the orafices
  • Preg cat C
33
Q

Terbafine

A
  • Anti- fungal- lots of tinea treatment
  • AE- hepatotoxicity, SJS, lupus
  • Preg B
34
Q

Acyclovir

A
  • Anti viral- herpes family
35
Q

Valacyclovir

A
  • Anti viral- herpes family
36
Q

Zidovdine

A
  • Anti HIV
37
Q

Amantadine

A
  • Anti flu

- exacerbates mental d/o

38
Q

Oseltamivir

A
  • Anti flu- tamiflu

- reduces viral penetration into cells

39
Q

Entcavir

A
  • Anti hepatitis
  • HEP B
  • AE- renal tox
  • BLACK BOX severe acute exacerbation of hepatitis, nephrotoxicity, HIV resistance, lactic acidosis, severe hepatomegally
40
Q

Interferon alpha 2

A
  • Anti hepatitis

- HEP B/C

41
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A
  • Anti malarial
42
Q

Metronidazole

A
  • Anti protozoal
43
Q

Mebendazole

A
  • Anti Helminthic
44
Q

Albendazole

A
  • Anti Helminthic
45
Q

Permethrin

A
  • Anti Helminthic
  • mites/scabies
  • CI- ragweed allergies
46
Q

Ivermectin

A
  • Antiparasitic
  • oral- roundworm
  • topical headlice
  • BLACK BOX rash, fever, malaise, LA, increase in eosinophils HR and decrease in BP, edema

Pharmacology Exam (12 decks)

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