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Pharmacology Exam > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Fludrocortisone

A
  • Mineralcorticoid- reabsorbs Na while excreting H+ and K+
  • Addison’s dz/ adrenal insufficiency
  • AE- hypokalemia, HF
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2
Q

Dexamethasone

A
  • Glucocorticoid

- Pill- strongest steroid- 30x more than hydrocortisone and 3x more than prednisone, longest half life

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3
Q

Prednisone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Pill- 4x stronger than hydrocortisone, 1.5-3x longer half life

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4
Q

Methylprednisolone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Pill

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5
Q

Prednisolone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Pill

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6
Q

Fluticasone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Oral/Nasal Spray

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7
Q

Mometasone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Oral/Nasal Spray

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8
Q

Beclomthasone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Oral/Nasal Spray

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9
Q

Budesonide

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Oral/Nasal Spray

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10
Q

Clobetasol

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Topical

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11
Q

Fluocinonide

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Topical

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12
Q

Mometasone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Topical

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13
Q

Fluticasone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Topical

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14
Q

Triamcinolone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid
  • Topical
  • Also nasal spray
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15
Q

Hydrocortisone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Topical

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16
Q

Pregnenelone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Precursor of progestogens, mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens

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17
Q

Estrone

A
  • E1- Estrogen
  • Natural and available as bioidentical- E1/2/3
  • Post-menopause (stored in adipose) and for cancer (ovary, testes, adrenals), 1/3 as strong as E2
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18
Q

Estradiol

A
  • E2- Estrogen
  • Natural and available as bioidentical- E1/2/3
  • Strongest estrogen, most prevalent outside of pregnancy
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19
Q

Estrial

A
  • E3- Estrogen
  • Natural and available as bioidentical- E1/2/3
  • Weakest estrogen, considered protective, highest in pregnancy
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20
Q

Ethinyl estradiol

A
  • Estrogen

- only estrogen used in OCPs, use lowest effective dose to avoid DVT

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21
Q

Conjugated estrogens

A
  • Premarin- Pregnant mare’s urine
  • Cream- Estrace
  • Pregnancy category X
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22
Q

Progesterone

A
  • Progestin- Prometrium (in peanut oil)
  • Prevention of endometrial hyperplasia in combo with E, abnormal bleeding, secondary amenorrhea
  • AE- bloating, migraine, wt change
  • CI- unk AUB, hx brain Ca, Active DVT/PE, LV impairment
  • BLACK BOX- CV disorders, brain Ca, dementia.
  • Pregnancy category X
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23
Q

Metroxyprogesterone acetate

A
  • Progestin- Prometrium (in peanut oil)
  • Prevention of endometrial hyperplasia in combo with E, abnormal bleeding, secondary amenorrhea
  • AE- bloating, migraine, wt change
  • CI- unk AUB, hx brain Ca, Active DVT/PE, LV impairment
  • BLACK BOX- CV disorders, brain Ca, dementia.
  • Pregnancy category X
24
Q

Levonorgesterel

A
  • Progestin

- IUD, morning after pill

25
Q

Norethindrone

A
  • Progestin

- Used in alone or in combo with EE for OCP or menopausal agent

26
Q

Drospirenone/ ethinyl estradiol

A
  • Estrogen/ Progesterone combo
  • Pregnancy prevention
  • CI smokers esp >35, GB dz
  • AE many nutrient depletions
  • BLACK BOX- stroke, MI, PE, DVT, BrCa, Dementia
  • Pregnancy category X
27
Q

Norethindrone/ ethinyl estradiol

A
  • Estrogen/ Progesterone combo
  • Pregnancy prevention
  • CI smokers esp >35, GB dz
  • AE many nutrient depletions
  • BLACK BOX- stroke, MI, PE, DVT, BrCa, Dementia
  • Pregnancy category X
28
Q

Norgestimate/ thinyl estradiol

A
  • Estrogen/ Progesterone combo
  • Pregnancy prevention
  • CI smokers esp >35, GB dz
  • AE many nutrient depletions
  • BLACK BOX- stroke, MI, PE, DVT, BrCa, Dementia
  • Pregnancy category X
29
Q

Norelgestramin/ ethinyl estradiol

A
  • 5 sylables- PATCH
  • Estrogen/ Progesterone combo
  • Pregnancy prevention
  • CI smokers esp >35, GB dz
  • AE many nutrient depletions
  • BLACK BOX- stroke, MI, PE, DVT, BrCa, Dementia
  • Pregnancy category X
30
Q

Clomiphene

A
  • Ovulatory stimulant
  • Infertility- esp PCOS, all forms of amenorhea
  • BLACK BOX- ovarian hyperstimulation, hepatic dysfunction
31
Q

DHEA

A
  • Androgen
  • Can act as neutrosteroid, precursor to E and T
  • BLACK BOX- pelcsis hepatis (blood filled cysts), liver cell tumors
32
Q

Testosterone

A
  • Androgen
  • Primary or hypogonadotroic hypogondism, orchidectomy, plasma T<3ng/ml, many rountes of admin, anabolic, increases EPO, BPH
  • BLACK BOX- pelcsis hepatis (blood filled cysts), liver cell tumors
33
Q

Insulin/ regular

A
  • Hyperglycemia
  • DM1
  • Fast acting
34
Q

insulin/ lispro

A
  • Hyperglycemia
  • DM1
  • VERY fast acting
35
Q

Insulin/ glargine

A
  • Hyperglycemia
  • DM1
  • Basal, long acting
36
Q

Glucagon

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • DM1
  • Rescue of hypoglycemia
  • CI- pheachromocytoma
37
Q

Desmopressin

A
  • Modified arginine casopressin (ADH)
  • Lowers urine volume
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • AE- hyponatremia
38
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • Induction of labor, post partum bleeding

- Pregnancy category X

39
Q

Bromocryptine

A
  • Prolactin blocker
  • DA receptor agonist
  • Hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, PD
  • AE- Hypotension, Raynauds
40
Q

Somatropin

A
  • Growth stimulation, HGH
  • Failure to thrive/ growth failure, HIV cachexia, short bowel syndrome
  • AE- Edema, H/A, hyperglycemia, URI, flu-like sx, pain, insomnia
41
Q

Octreotide

A
  • Growth inhibition, somatostatin analog, inhibits GH, glucagon, insulin, inhibits serotonin, gastrin
  • Acromegaly, carcinoid tumors, VIP tumors
  • SE- cardiac disturbance, GB sludge, dysglycemia
42
Q

Lugol’s solution

A
  • Hyperthyroidism, Graves, toxic multinodular goiter if surgery not possible for sx control
  • High dose to enlarge thyroid prior to thyroidectomy
43
Q

Methimazole

A
  • Hyperthyroidism, Graves, toxic multinodular goiter if surgery not possible for sx control
  • inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis- safer than PTU except in pregnancy
44
Q

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

A
  • Hyperthyroidism, Graves, toxic multinodular goiter if surgery not possible for sx control
  • Preferred agent in thyroid storm, inhibits TOP and T4-3 conversion, safer for pregnancy
  • AE- life threatening hepatotoxicity
45
Q

Liothyronine

A
  • T3
  • Hypothyroidism and TSH pituitary suppression
  • Pregnancy category A
  • CI in subclinical hypothyroidism or overt thyrotoxicosis
46
Q

Levothyroxine

A
  • T4
  • Hypothyroidism and TSH pituitary suppression
  • Pregnancy category A
  • CI in subclinical hypothyroidism or overt thyrotoxicosis
47
Q

Thyroid USP

A
  • Armour, blend of T3 and 4 from dessicated pig thyroid
  • Hypothyroidism and TSH pituitary suppression
  • Pregnancy category A
  • CI in subclinical hypothyroidism or overt thyrotoxicosis
48
Q

Lugols solution

A
  • Low dose, elemental iodine and K iodide
  • Hypothyroidism and TSH pituitary suppression
  • Pregnancy category A
  • CI in subclinical hypothyroidism or overt thyrotoxicosis
49
Q

Melatonin

A
  • Pineal hormone
  • Circadian rhythm entrainment, free radical scavenger, antioxidant
  • Ca, depression, memory
50
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin hCG

A
  • Placenta hormone
  • ovulation and infertility, increase sperm count, assist in testicular descent
  • Pregnancy category X
51
Q

Metformin

A
  • Oral hypoglycemic, DM2
  • Decreases hepatic glucose production, reduces A1c
  • safe for kids
  • AE increased mortality, lactic acidosis, diarrhea
  • CI- kidney disease and metabolic acidosis.
52
Q

Glyburide

A
  • Oral hypoglycemic, DM2
  • sulfonylurea, dtimulate insulin release, reduces A1c
  • AE- GI upset, photosensitivity
  • CI- DKA
53
Q

Pioglitazone

A
  • Oral hypoglycemic, DM2
  • Thiazolidinedione, insulin sensitization at target tissues, decrease A1c
  • AE- HF, bladder Ca
  • CI - DM1 and or insulin use
  • BLACK BOX may cause or wrosen HF
54
Q

Liraglutide

A
  • Sub Q hypoglycemic, DM2

- GlP1 agonist, increase insulin secretion, B cell growth, decrease glucagon and gastric emptying, A1c

55
Q

Canagliflozin

A
  • Oral hypoglycemic, DM2
  • SGLUT 2 antagonist, reduces reabsorption of filtered glucose in prox renal tubules
  • AE GU infections
56
Q

Sitagliptin

A
  • DPP-4 inhibitor, prolongs active incretin levels for glucose regulation

Pharmacology Exam (12 decks)

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