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Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Cauda Equina

A

When the nerve roots in the lumbar spine are compressed, cutting off sensation and movement

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2
Q

Ataxia

A

Gross lack of coordination of muscles such as staggering gait

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3
Q

Atrophy

A

Partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body

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4
Q

Aphagia

A

Inability to swallow

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5
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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6
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to express oneself through speech

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7
Q

Dysarthria

A

Speech condition that occurs making it difficult to pronounce words due to weakness, paralysis or lack of muscle coordination

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8
Q

Dysphasia

A

Speech disorder in which there is an impairment of speech and of comprehension of speech

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9
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body

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10
Q

Dizziness

A

Refers to an impairment in spatial perception and stability

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11
Q

Vertigo

A

Type of dizziness, where there is a feeling of motion when one is stationary

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12
Q

Lightheadedness

A

Feeling faint

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13
Q

Presyncope

A

State consisting of lightheadedness, muscular weakness, and feeling faint with NO LOC

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14
Q

Syncope

A

Temporary loss of consciousness, fainting, LOC

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15
Q

Fecal Incontinence

A

Loss of regular control of the bowels

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16
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

Loss of bladder control

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17
Q

Saddle Anesthesia

A

Loss of sensation restricted to the area of the buttocks and perineum

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18
Q

Paresthias

A

Sensation of tingling, burning, pricking, or numbness

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19
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness on one side of the body

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20
Q

AMS

A

Altered mental status

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21
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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22
Q

HA

A

Headache

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23
Q

LOC

A

Loss of consciousness or level or consciousness

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24
Q

SF

A

Spinal fluid

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25
Q

MAE

A

Moving all extremities

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26
Q

EOMI

A

Extra ocular movements intact

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27
Q

A&O

A

Alert and oriented

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28
Q

Asterixis

A

Tremor of the wrist when the wrist is extended (dorsiflexion) due to motor disorder is characterized by jerking movements associated with metabolic encephalopathy

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29
Q

Babinski Reflex:

A

elicited when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument based upon what the big toe does when the sole of the foot is stimulated (Normal: toes down going)

30
Q

Clonus

A

Series of involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations, a sign of certain neurological conditions; upper motor neuron lesions such as in stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord damage and hepatic encephalopathy

31
Q

DTR’s: Deep Tendon Reflexes

A

reflexes are elicited and measured on a scale of 0 to 5+; often patellar reflex tested (Normal: 2+ patellar reflex)

32
Q

FNF Test: Finger-Nose-Finger Test

A

patient extends index finger and touches nose then touches examiner’s outstretched finger with the same finger and goes back and forth between touching nose and examiner’s finger.

33
Q

Dysmetria

A

s the clinical term for the inability to perform point-to-point movements due to over or under projecting ones fingers (Normal: normal finger to nose testing)

34
Q

Gait

A

Particular way or manner of moving on foot. Abnormalities can be describes as staggering, shuffling or ataxic (Normal: gait normal)

35
Q

GCS

A

Glasgow Coma Scale- neurological scale that aims to give a reliable, objective way of recording the conscious state of a person based on eye, verbal and motor function on a scale of 3-15 (Normal: GCS 15)

36
Q

Heel to Shin Test

A

While laying supine patient is instructed to place heel of one leg on shin of opposite leg just below the knee and then slide it down shin to the top of their foot (Normal: normal heel to shin)

37
Q

Kernig’s Sign

A

Positive when the thigh is bent at the hip and knee at 90 degree angles, and subsequent extension in the knee is painful

38
Q

Brudzinski’sSign

A

A physical exam finding in which forced flexion of the neck elicits reflex flexion of the hips

39
Q

Mentation

A

Mental activity

40
Q

Obtunded

A

less than full mental capacity in a medical patient, typically as a result of a medical condition or trauma

41
Q

Somnolent

A

state of feeling drowsy, ready to fall asleep

42
Q

Muscle Tone

A

Continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles

43
Q

Nuchal Rigidity

A

Patient is unable to flex his or her head forward due to an un-natural rigidity of the neck muscles

44
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary rapid eye movements; vertical or horizontal (Normal: no nystagmus

45
Q

Pronator Drift

A

ndicator of upper motor neuron weakness. In upper motor neuron weakness, supination is weaker than pronation in the upper extremity, leading to a pronation of the affected arm (Normal: no pronator drift

46
Q

Romberg Test:

A

Neurological test to detect poor balance based on the inability to maintain a steady standing posture with the eyes closed (Normal: negative Romberg)

47
Q

Sensation

A

Perception of a stimulus (Normal: sensation intact)

48
Q

Tremor

A

Involuntary somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving to and- fro movements (oscillations or twitching) of one or more body parts

49
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Form of facial paralysis resulting from a dysfunction of the cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) that results in the inability to control facial muscles on the affected side

50
Q

Cerebral Aneurysm

A

Weakness in the wall of a cerebral artery or vein causes a localized dilation or ballooning of the blood vessel

51
Q

CP: Cerebral Palsy

A

motor conditions that cause physical disability in human development; caused by damage to the motor control centers of the developing brain and can occur during pregnancy, during childbirth or after birth

52
Q

CVA: Cerebral Vascular Accident

A

blood flow to a part of the brain stops; ischemic or hemorrhagic. Also called stroke

53
Q

Dementia

A

Loss of global cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging

54
Q

Epidural Abscess

A

Collection of pus (infected material) between the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord and the bones of the skull or spine

55
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

Bleeding between the inside of the skull and the outer covering of the brain

56
Q

Epilepsy

A

Brain disorder in which a person has repeated seizures

57
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling

58
Q

LP: Lumbar Puncture

A

procedure whereby spinal fluid is removed from the spinal canal for the purpose of diagnostic testing

59
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain (viral or bacterial)

60
Q

MR: Mental Retardation

A

generalized disorder appearing before adulthood, characterized by significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors

61
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A

Refers to damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system associated with varying combinations of weakness, autonomic changes and sensory changes

62
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Degenerative disease of the central nervous system that leads to shaking (tremors) and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination

63
Q

SAH: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A

bleeding in the area between the brain and the thin tissues that cover the brain (subarachnoid space)

64
Q

Seizures

A

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain classified by grand mal, absence, myoclonic, clonic, tonic or atonic seizures

65
Q

Epilepsy

A

brain disorder in which a person has repeated seizures over time

66
Q

Focal (Partial)

A

seizures which affect only a part of the brain

67
Q

Petit Mal

A

term commonly given to a staring spell, most commonly called an “absence seizure.” It is a brief (usually less than 15 seconds) disturbance of brain function due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain

68
Q

Tonic Clonic (Grand Mal)

A

type of generalized seizure that affects the entire brain

69
Q

TIA: Transient Ischemia Attack

A

transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by ischemia

70
Q

VP Shunt: Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

A

used to treat swelling of the brain due to excess buildup of cerebrospinal fluid by draining fluid into the peritoneal cavity

71
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

Collection of blood on the surface of the brain

72
Q

EEG: Electroencephalography

A

recording of electrical activity along the scalp. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain

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