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Scribe > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Abd

A

Abdomen

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2
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

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3
Q

BS

A

bowel sounds- caused by the muscular contractions of peristalsis

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4
Q

BRB

A

Bright red blood

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5
Q

GI

A

Gastrointestinal

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6
Q

N/V/D

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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7
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

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8
Q

Post-Tussive Emesis

A

Vomiting after coughing

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9
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

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10
Q

Hematochezia

A

Blood in stool

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11
Q

Melena

A

Black, tarry stool

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12
Q

Lithiasis

A

Formation of mineral concretions (stones) in the body

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13
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum, which are the two membranes that separate the organs in the abdominal cavity from the abdominal wall

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14
Q

GI Cocktail

A

Generic term for a mixture of liquid antacid, viscous lidocaine, and an anticholinergic primarily used to treat indigestion

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15
Q

McBurney’s Point Tenderness

A

Site of extreme sensitivity in acute appendicitis, situated in the normal area of the appendix midway between the umbilicus and the anterior iliac crest in the RLQ of the abdomen

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16
Q

Rovsing’s Sign

A

Indication of acute appendicitis in which pressure on the LLQ of abdomen causes pain in the RLQ

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17
Q

Obturator Sign

A

Indication of appendicitisin which the internal rotation of the RLE at the hip and knee causes abdominal discomfort

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18
Q

Psoas Sign

A

Indication of appendicitis in which passive extension of the thigh of a patient lying on his side with knees extended causes abdominal pain

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19
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A

Finding associated with acute cholecystitis which causes pain on inspiration when the examiner’s fingers are placed on the RUQ at the location of the gallbladder

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20
Q

Alvarado Score

A

Used to assess the likelihood of acute appendicitis

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21
Q

Distention

A

Sensation of elevated abdominal pressure and volume

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22
Q

Guarding

A

Tensing of the abdominal wall muscles to guard inflamed organs within the abdomen from the pain of pressure upon palpation; can be voluntary or involuntary

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23
Q

Rebound

A

Pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure to the abdomen

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24
Q

Rigidity

A

Stiffness of the muscles in the belly area, which can be felt when touched or pressed

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25
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlargement of the liver

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26
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly

A

Enlargement of liver and spleen

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27
Q

Caput Medusae

A

Dilated veins seen on the abdomen of a patient with cirrhosis of the liver

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28
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder; gallbladder can often be visualized by a right upper quadrant ultrasound

29
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones

30
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Swelling of kidney due to a backup of urine; often detected by renal ultrasound

31
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stone

32
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by scarring leading to loss of liver function

33
Q

Hepatitis C

A

Viral disease that leads to swelling (inflammation) of the liver

34
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

35
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

36
Q

Clostridium Difficile

A

C Diff- bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon most commonly affecting older adults in hospital

37
Q

Colitis

A

Swelling (inflammation) of the large intestine (colon)

38
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

Type of inflammatory bowel disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, causing a wide variety of symptoms

39
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Small, bulging sacs or pouches of the inner lining of the intestine (diverticulosis) that become inflamed or infected

40
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Condition of having diverticula in the colon, which are out-pocketings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through weaknesses of muscle layers in the colon wall

41
Q

Gastritis

A

Lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen

42
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract involving both the stomach and small intestine resulting in diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal cramps

43
Q

Gastroparesis

A

Condition that reduces the ability of the stomach to empty its contents, but there is no blockage (obstruction)

44
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease- stomach acid comes back up from the stomach into the esophagus. Also called acid reflux or heartburn

45
Q

H. pylori

A

Helicobacter pylori- bacteria associated with peptic ulcers, gastritis and possibly gastric cancer

46
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Mass of dilated veins in the anorectal area (internal or external)

47
Q

Hernia wal

A

Sac formed by the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum) that comes through a hole or weak area in the fascia, the strong layer of the abdominal that surrounds the muscle

48
Q

IBS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A

functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits

49
Q

SBO: Small Bowel Obstruction

A

small intestine becomes partially or totally blocked

50
Q

Stool Guaiac Test

A

Detects hidden (occult) blood in the stool

51
Q

Varices

A

Dilated veins in the distal esophagus or proximal stomach caused by elevated pressure in the portal venous system, typically from cirrhosis

52
Q

Appendectomy

A

Surgical removal of the appendix

53
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

54
Q

Colostomy

A

Surgical procedure that brings one end of the large intestine out through the abdominal wall causing stools moving through the intestine to drain into a bag

55
Q

Ileostomy

A

Surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin

56
Q

Anoscopy

A

Method to view the anus, anal canal, and lower rectum. Used to diagnose internal hemorrhoids, anal fissures, masses.

57
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of the large bowel and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus

58
Q

EGD

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy- procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract up to the duodenum

59
Q

NG Tube: Nasogastric Tube

A

a plastic tube inserted through the nose, past the throat, and down into the stomach that is used for feeding, administering drugs or draining the stomach’s contents

60
Q

OG Tube: Orogastric Tube

A

a plastic tube inserted through the mouth, past the throat, and down into the stomach similar to NG tube

61
Q

PEG Tube: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrotomy Tube

A

surgically tube inserted through a small incision in the abdomen into the stomach and is used for longtermenteral nutrition. Also calledG-tube.

62
Q

PEG-J Tub: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy Tube

A

surgically inserted through the abdomen and into the jejunum (the second part of the small intestine). Also called J-tube.

63
Q

Enema

A

Procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon via the anus often used to treat constipation

64
Q

Paracentesis

A

Procedure involving needle drainage of fluid from peritoneal cavity in the abdomen

65
Q

Antacids

A

Medication that neutralizes stomach acidity

66
Q

Antiemetic

A

Drugs used for the treatment of nausea

67
Q

H2

A

Receptor Blockers: Prevents the release of stomach acid

68
Q

PPI

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors- reduce gastric acid production

Scribe (14 decks)

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