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Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Abd

A

Abdomen

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2
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

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3
Q

BS

A

bowel sounds- caused by the muscular contractions of peristalsis

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4
Q

BRB

A

Bright red blood

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5
Q

GI

A

Gastrointestinal

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6
Q

N/V/D

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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7
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

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8
Q

Post-Tussive Emesis

A

Vomiting after coughing

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9
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

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10
Q

Hematochezia

A

Blood in stool

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11
Q

Melena

A

Black, tarry stool

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12
Q

Lithiasis

A

Formation of mineral concretions (stones) in the body

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13
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum, which are the two membranes that separate the organs in the abdominal cavity from the abdominal wall

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14
Q

GI Cocktail

A

Generic term for a mixture of liquid antacid, viscous lidocaine, and an anticholinergic primarily used to treat indigestion

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15
Q

McBurney’s Point Tenderness

A

Site of extreme sensitivity in acute appendicitis, situated in the normal area of the appendix midway between the umbilicus and the anterior iliac crest in the RLQ of the abdomen

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16
Q

Rovsing’s Sign

A

Indication of acute appendicitis in which pressure on the LLQ of abdomen causes pain in the RLQ

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17
Q

Obturator Sign

A

Indication of appendicitisin which the internal rotation of the RLE at the hip and knee causes abdominal discomfort

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18
Q

Psoas Sign

A

Indication of appendicitis in which passive extension of the thigh of a patient lying on his side with knees extended causes abdominal pain

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19
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A

Finding associated with acute cholecystitis which causes pain on inspiration when the examiner’s fingers are placed on the RUQ at the location of the gallbladder

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20
Q

Alvarado Score

A

Used to assess the likelihood of acute appendicitis

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21
Q

Distention

A

Sensation of elevated abdominal pressure and volume

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22
Q

Guarding

A

Tensing of the abdominal wall muscles to guard inflamed organs within the abdomen from the pain of pressure upon palpation; can be voluntary or involuntary

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23
Q

Rebound

A

Pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure to the abdomen

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24
Q

Rigidity

A

Stiffness of the muscles in the belly area, which can be felt when touched or pressed

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25
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver
26
Hepatosplenomegaly
Enlargement of liver and spleen
27
Caput Medusae
Dilated veins seen on the abdomen of a patient with cirrhosis of the liver
28
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder; gallbladder can often be visualized by a right upper quadrant ultrasound
29
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones
30
Hydronephrosis
Swelling of kidney due to a backup of urine; often detected by renal ultrasound
31
Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stone
32
Cirrhosis
Consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by scarring leading to loss of liver function
33
Hepatitis C
Viral disease that leads to swelling (inflammation) of the liver
34
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
35
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
36
Clostridium Difficile
C Diff- bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon most commonly affecting older adults in hospital
37
Colitis
Swelling (inflammation) of the large intestine (colon)
38
Crohn’s Disease
Type of inflammatory bowel disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, causing a wide variety of symptoms
39
Diverticulitis
Small, bulging sacs or pouches of the inner lining of the intestine (diverticulosis) that become inflamed or infected
40
Diverticulosis
Condition of having diverticula in the colon, which are out-pocketings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through weaknesses of muscle layers in the colon wall
41
Gastritis
Lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen
42
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract involving both the stomach and small intestine resulting in diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal cramps
43
Gastroparesis
Condition that reduces the ability of the stomach to empty its contents, but there is no blockage (obstruction)
44
GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease- stomach acid comes back up from the stomach into the esophagus. Also called acid reflux or heartburn
45
H. pylori
Helicobacter pylori- bacteria associated with peptic ulcers, gastritis and possibly gastric cancer
46
Hemorrhoids
Mass of dilated veins in the anorectal area (internal or external)
47
Hernia wal
Sac formed by the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum) that comes through a hole or weak area in the fascia, the strong layer of the abdominal that surrounds the muscle
48
IBS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome
functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits
49
SBO: Small Bowel Obstruction
small intestine becomes partially or totally blocked
50
Stool Guaiac Test
Detects hidden (occult) blood in the stool
51
Varices
Dilated veins in the distal esophagus or proximal stomach caused by elevated pressure in the portal venous system, typically from cirrhosis
52
Appendectomy
Surgical removal of the appendix
53
Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
54
Colostomy
Surgical procedure that brings one end of the large intestine out through the abdominal wall causing stools moving through the intestine to drain into a bag
55
Ileostomy
Surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin
56
Anoscopy
Method to view the anus, anal canal, and lower rectum. Used to diagnose internal hemorrhoids, anal fissures, masses.
57
Colonoscopy
Endoscopic examination of the large bowel and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus
58
EGD
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy- procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract up to the duodenum
59
NG Tube: Nasogastric Tube
a plastic tube inserted through the nose, past the throat, and down into the stomach that is used for feeding, administering drugs or draining the stomach's contents
60
OG Tube: Orogastric Tube
a plastic tube inserted through the mouth, past the throat, and down into the stomach similar to NG tube
61
PEG Tube: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrotomy Tube
surgically tube inserted through a small incision in the abdomen into the stomach and is used for longtermenteral nutrition. Also calledG-tube.
62
PEG-J Tub: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy Tube
surgically inserted through the abdomen and into the jejunum (the second part of the small intestine). Also called J-tube.
63
Enema
Procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon via the anus often used to treat constipation
64
Paracentesis
Procedure involving needle drainage of fluid from peritoneal cavity in the abdomen
65
Antacids
Medication that neutralizes stomach acidity
66
Antiemetic
Drugs used for the treatment of nausea
67
H2
Receptor Blockers: Prevents the release of stomach acid
68
PPI
Proton Pump Inhibitors- reduce gastric acid production

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