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Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

AED Automatic External Defibrillator

A

portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in a patient and is able to treat them through defibrillation

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2
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity or loss of rhythm

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3
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Usually oxygenated blood with the exception of the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart

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4
Q

AV node Atrioventricular Node

A

part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates heart rate. It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers

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5
Q

Diastole

A

Period of time when the heart refills with blood after systole (contraction)

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6
Q

EF Ejection Fraction

A

fraction of blood pumped out of the right and left ventricles with each heart beat

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7
Q

EKG/ECG

A

Electrocardiograph

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8
Q

HTN Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

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9
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

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10
Q

Infarct

A

Necrotic area of tissue following cessation of blood supply

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11
Q

Ischemia

A

Decreased or loss of blood flow

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12
Q

Orthopnea

A

Shortness of breath which occurs when laying flat

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13
Q

Palpitations

A

A rapid or irregular heart beat

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14
Q

Pleurisy

A

inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest (the pleura) that leads to chest pain (usually sharp) when you take a breath or cough

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15
Q

PND Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

A

sudden, severe shortness of breath that wakes a person up from sleep

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16
Q

SA Node Sinoatrial Node

A

the impulse-generating (pacemaker) tissue located in the right atrium of the heart, and thus the generator of normal sinus rhythm

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17
Q

Systole

A

Refers to the period of time when the heart contracts

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18
Q

Vein

A

Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. Usually deoxygenated blood with the exception of the pulmonary vein.

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19
Q

bpm

A

Beats per minute

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20
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate (<60)

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21
Q

Bruit

A

Unusual sound that blood makes when it rushes past an obstruction in an artery caused by caused by buildup of plaque or damage to vessels (turbulent blood flow)

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22
Q

Carotid Bruit

A

A sound made in the blood vessels of the neck resulting from turbulent blood flow caused by buildup of plaque or damage to vessels

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23
Q

Click

A

Short, high-pitched sounds heard on auscultation

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24
Q

DP Pulse

A

Dosalis pedis pulse

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25
Edema
Swelling of tissue due to excess accumulation of fluid
26
Pitting Edema
demonstrated by applying pressure to the swollen area by depressing the skin with a finger
27
Gallop
Extra heart sound, called S3 or S4, dependent upon where in the cycle this added sound comes
28
JVD Jugular Vein Distension
visible bulging of jugular veins
29
Murmur
Extra heart sounds that are produced as a result of turbulent blood flow that is sufficient to produce audible noise.
30
PT Pulse
Posterior tibial pulse
31
Pulse
Tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat by trained fingertips. The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed against a bone, such as at the neck (carotid artery), at the wrist (radial artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), on the inside of the elbow (brachial artery), and near the ankle joint (posterior tibial artery). Rated on a scale of 1+ to 4+
32
Reproducible Chest Pain
Chest pain that is elicited by palpating the chest
33
RRR
Regular rate and rhythm
34
Rub
Sound that resembles the sound of squeaky leather and often is described as grating, scratching, or rasping heard on auscultation
35
S1S2
Two normal heart sounds often described as a lub and a dub (or dup), that occur in sequence with each heart beat
36
Tachycardia
Fast hear rate (>100)
37
Aneurysm
Widening of a blood vessel due to pressure on weakened tissues causing formation of a sac of blood
38
AAA Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
localized dilatation (ballooning) of the abdominal aorta exceeding the normal diameter by 3cm or more, and is the most common form of aortic aneurysm
39
Aortic Dissection
Occurs when a tear in the inner wall of the aorta causes blood to flow between the layers of the wall of the aorta and force the layers
40
A Fib Atrial Fibrillation
chaotic electrical activity in the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart result in the muscle fibrillating (i.e., quivering) instead of achieving coordinated contraction
41
A Flutter Atrial Flutter
abnormal heart rhythm that occurs in the atria of the heart
42
Ablation
Invasive procedure used to remove a faulty electrical pathway from the hearts of those who are prone to developing cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
43
Angina
Chest discomfort caused by poor blood flow through the blood vessels (coronary vessels) of the heart muscle (myocardium)
44
Angioplasty
Technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel, the latter typically being a result of atherosclerosis, includes use of balloons, stents, and atherectomy devices
45
Atherosclerosis
Occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries and form hard structures called plaques
46
BBB Bundle Branch Block
refers to a defect of the heart's electrical conduction system that can be seen on an EKG
47
CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Procedure that returns blood flow to heart by rerouting it through a new artery or vein that is grafted around diseased sections
48
CAD Coronary Artery Disease
narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart
49
Cardiac Catheterization
insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart. This is done for both investigational and interventional purposes
50
Cardiogenic Shock
State in which the heart has been damaged so much that it is unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the bodyc
51
Cardioversion
Medical procedure by which an abnormally fast heart rate or cardiac arrhythmia is converted to a normal rhythm, using electricity or drugs
52
Synchronized
sends a therapeutic dose of electric current to the heart at a specific moment in the cardiac cycle; used to treat cardiac arrhythmias when a pulse is present
53
Unsynchronized (Defibrillation)
used when there is no pulse present
54
Chemical
uses antiarrhythmia medication instead of an electric shock such as Lidocaine, Adenosine or Amiodarone
55
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart
56
Cardiomyopathy
Weakening of the myocardium (heart muscle) often associated with inadequate heart pumping
57
CHF Congestive Heart Failure-
blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs
58
ECHO Echocardiogram
sonogram of the heart. Also called cardiac ultrasound•
59
Endocarditis
Endocarditis
60
Heart Block
a problem that occurs with the heart's electrical system (1st degree, 2nddegree, 3rd degree)
61
ICD Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
detects ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and shocks the heart to restore normal electrical activity
62
MI Myocardial Infarction
blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. Also called heart attack
63
MVP Mitral Valve Prolapse
valve that separates the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart does not close properly
64
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the myocardium (heart muscle)
65
NSTEMI
Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
66
CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
involves chest compressions at least 5 cm deep and at a rate of at least 100 per minute in an effort to create artificial circulation by manually pumping blood through the heart
67
DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis
formation of a blood clot in a vein
68
ECG/EKG Electrocardiogram
transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, as detected by electrodes attached to the outer surface of the skin and recorded by a device external to the body
69
PE Pulmonary Embolism
blood clot that forms in a vein, travels through your bloodstream, and lodges in your lungs
70
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium (fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart)
71
PVD Peripheral Vascular Disease
condition of the blood vessels that leads to narrowing and hardening of the arteries that supply the legs and feet
72
STEMI
ST elevation myocardial infarction
73
Stress Test
Measures the heart's ability to respond to external stress in a controlled clinical environment; stress response is induced by exercise or drug stimulation
74
SVT Supraventricular Tachycardia
classifies any tachycardic rhythm originating above the AV node
75
Unstable Angina
Condition in which the heart doesn't get enough blood flow and oxygen. It may lead to a heart attack
76
V Fib Ventricular Fibrillation
uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly
77
V Tach Ventricular Tachycardia
fast heart rhythm that originates in one of the ventricles of the heart
78
Valve Replacement
Procedure in which a patient's failing valve is replaced with an alternate healthy valve. Valve can be affected by a range of diseases; the valve can either become leaky (insufficiency/regurgitation) or partially blocked (stenosis)
79
Anticoagulants
work on chemical reactions in your body to lengthen the time it takes to form a blood clot
80
Antiplatelet therapy
prevent blood cells called platelets from clumping together to form a clot
81
Diuretics
Provides a means of forced diuresis which elevates the rate of urination promoting fluid loss which decreases blood pressure
82
Vasodilators
Medications that open (dilate) blood vessels. They work directly on the muscles in the walls of your arteries, preventing the muscles from tightening and the walls from narrowing
83
Vasoconstrictors
Constricts blood vessels to increase total peripheral resistance which increases blood pressure

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