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Scribe > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

AED Automatic External Defibrillator

A

portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in a patient and is able to treat them through defibrillation

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2
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity or loss of rhythm

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3
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Usually oxygenated blood with the exception of the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart

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4
Q

AV node Atrioventricular Node

A

part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates heart rate. It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers

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5
Q

Diastole

A

Period of time when the heart refills with blood after systole (contraction)

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6
Q

EF Ejection Fraction

A

fraction of blood pumped out of the right and left ventricles with each heart beat

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7
Q

EKG/ECG

A

Electrocardiograph

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8
Q

HTN Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

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9
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

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10
Q

Infarct

A

Necrotic area of tissue following cessation of blood supply

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11
Q

Ischemia

A

Decreased or loss of blood flow

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12
Q

Orthopnea

A

Shortness of breath which occurs when laying flat

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13
Q

Palpitations

A

A rapid or irregular heart beat

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14
Q

Pleurisy

A

inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest (the pleura) that leads to chest pain (usually sharp) when you take a breath or cough

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15
Q

PND Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

A

sudden, severe shortness of breath that wakes a person up from sleep

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16
Q

SA Node Sinoatrial Node

A

the impulse-generating (pacemaker) tissue located in the right atrium of the heart, and thus the generator of normal sinus rhythm

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17
Q

Systole

A

Refers to the period of time when the heart contracts

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18
Q

Vein

A

Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. Usually deoxygenated blood with the exception of the pulmonary vein.

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19
Q

bpm

A

Beats per minute

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20
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate (<60)

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21
Q

Bruit

A

Unusual sound that blood makes when it rushes past an obstruction in an artery caused by caused by buildup of plaque or damage to vessels (turbulent blood flow)

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22
Q

Carotid Bruit

A

A sound made in the blood vessels of the neck resulting from turbulent blood flow caused by buildup of plaque or damage to vessels

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23
Q

Click

A

Short, high-pitched sounds heard on auscultation

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24
Q

DP Pulse

A

Dosalis pedis pulse

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25
Q

Edema

A

Swelling of tissue due to excess accumulation of fluid

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26
Q

Pitting Edema

A

demonstrated by applying pressure to the swollen area by depressing the skin with a finger

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27
Q

Gallop

A

Extra heart sound, called S3 or S4, dependent upon where in the cycle this added sound comes

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28
Q

JVD Jugular Vein Distension

A

visible bulging of jugular veins

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29
Q

Murmur

A

Extra heart sounds that are produced as a result of turbulent blood flow that is sufficient to produce audible noise.

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30
Q

PT Pulse

A

Posterior tibial pulse

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31
Q

Pulse

A

Tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat by trained fingertips. The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed against a bone, such as at the neck (carotid artery), at the wrist (radial artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), on the inside of the elbow (brachial artery), and near the ankle joint (posterior tibial artery). Rated on a scale of 1+ to 4+

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32
Q

Reproducible Chest Pain

A

Chest pain that is elicited by palpating the chest

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33
Q

RRR

A

Regular rate and rhythm

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34
Q

Rub

A

Sound that resembles the sound of squeaky leather and often is described as grating, scratching, or rasping heard on auscultation

35
Q

S1S2

A

Two normal heart sounds often described as a lub and a dub (or dup), that occur in sequence with each heart beat

36
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast hear rate (>100)

37
Q

Aneurysm

A

Widening of a blood vessel due to pressure on weakened tissues causing formation of a sac of blood

38
Q

AAA Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

A

localized dilatation (ballooning) of the abdominal aorta exceeding the normal diameter by 3cm or more, and is the most common form of aortic aneurysm

39
Q

Aortic Dissection

A

Occurs when a tear in the inner wall of the aorta causes blood to flow between the layers of the wall of the aorta and force the layers

40
Q

A Fib Atrial Fibrillation

A

chaotic electrical activity in the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart result in the muscle fibrillating (i.e., quivering) instead of achieving coordinated contraction

41
Q

A Flutter Atrial Flutter

A

abnormal heart rhythm that occurs in the atria of the heart

42
Q

Ablation

A

Invasive procedure used to remove a faulty electrical pathway from the hearts of those who are prone to developing cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

43
Q

Angina

A

Chest discomfort caused by poor blood flow through the blood vessels (coronary vessels) of the heart muscle (myocardium)

44
Q

Angioplasty

A

Technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel, the latter typically being a result of atherosclerosis, includes use of balloons, stents, and atherectomy devices

45
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries and form hard structures called plaques

46
Q

BBB Bundle Branch Block

A

refers to a defect of the heart’s electrical conduction system that can be seen on an EKG

47
Q

CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

A

Procedure that returns blood flow to heart by rerouting it through a new artery or vein that is grafted around diseased sections

48
Q

CAD Coronary Artery Disease

A

narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart

49
Q

Cardiac Catheterization

A

insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart. This is done for both investigational and interventional purposes

50
Q

Cardiogenic Shock

A

State in which the heart has been damaged so much that it is unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the bodyc

51
Q

Cardioversion

A

Medical procedure by which an abnormally fast heart rate or cardiac arrhythmia is converted to a normal rhythm, using electricity or drugs

52
Q

Synchronized

A

sends a therapeutic dose of electric current to the heart at a specific moment in the cardiac cycle; used to treat cardiac arrhythmias when a pulse is present

53
Q

Unsynchronized (Defibrillation)

A

used when there is no pulse present

54
Q

Chemical

A

uses antiarrhythmia medication instead of an electric shock such as Lidocaine, Adenosine or Amiodarone

55
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart

56
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Weakening of the myocardium (heart muscle) often associated with inadequate heart pumping

57
Q

CHF Congestive Heart Failure-

A

blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body’s needs

58
Q

ECHO Echocardiogram

A

sonogram of the heart. Also called cardiac ultrasound•

59
Q

Endocarditis

A

Endocarditis

60
Q

Heart Block

A

a problem that occurs with the heart’s electrical system (1st degree, 2nddegree, 3rd degree)

61
Q

ICD Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

A

detects ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and shocks the heart to restore normal electrical activity

62
Q

MI Myocardial Infarction

A

blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. Also called heart attack

63
Q

MVP Mitral Valve Prolapse

A

valve that separates the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart does not close properly

64
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium (heart muscle)

65
Q

NSTEMI

A

Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

66
Q

CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

A

involves chest compressions at least 5 cm deep and at a rate of at least 100 per minute in an effort to create artificial circulation by manually pumping blood through the heart

67
Q

DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis

A

formation of a blood clot in a vein

68
Q

ECG/EKG Electrocardiogram

A

transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, as detected by electrodes attached to the outer surface of the skin and recorded by a device external to the body

69
Q

PE Pulmonary Embolism

A

blood clot that forms in a vein, travels through your bloodstream, and lodges in your lungs

70
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium (fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart)

71
Q

PVD Peripheral Vascular Disease

A

condition of the blood vessels that leads to narrowing and hardening of the arteries that supply the legs and feet

72
Q

STEMI

A

ST elevation myocardial infarction

73
Q

Stress Test

A

Measures the heart’s ability to respond to external stress in a controlled clinical environment; stress response is induced by exercise or drug stimulation

74
Q

SVT Supraventricular Tachycardia

A

classifies any tachycardic rhythm originating above the AV node

75
Q

Unstable Angina

A

Condition in which the heart doesn’t get enough blood flow and oxygen. It may lead to a heart attack

76
Q

V Fib Ventricular Fibrillation

A

uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly

77
Q

V Tach Ventricular Tachycardia

A

fast heart rhythm that originates in one of the ventricles of the heart

78
Q

Valve Replacement

A

Procedure in which a patient’s failing valve is replaced with an alternate healthy valve. Valve can be affected by a range of diseases; the valve can either become leaky (insufficiency/regurgitation) or partially blocked (stenosis)

79
Q

Anticoagulants

A

work on chemical reactions in your body to lengthen the time it takes to form a blood clot

80
Q

Antiplatelet therapy

A

prevent blood cells called platelets from clumping together to form a clot

81
Q

Diuretics

A

Provides a means of forced diuresis which elevates the rate of urination promoting fluid loss which decreases blood pressure

82
Q

Vasodilators

A

Medications that open (dilate) blood vessels. They work directly on the muscles in the walls of your arteries, preventing the muscles from tightening and the walls from narrowing

83
Q

Vasoconstrictors

A

Constricts blood vessels to increase total peripheral resistance which increases blood pressure

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