Neuro 7 Flashcards
Calculation for risk
number of diseased people/number of people at risk
Brain hemorrhage caused by fracture to the temporal bone that has a lucid interval
epidural (between bone and dura)
tear of middle meningeal artery
Brain hemorrhage that shows blood in basal cisterns on CT
subarachnoid hemorrhage
Drug used in opioid overdose
Naloxone
What opiate effects are mediated by the mu receptor
respiratory and cardiac depression reduced GI motility physical dependence euphoria sedation
sensorineural hearing loss
tinnitus
paralysis of facial muscles
loss of corneal reflex
compression of CNV, VII, and VIII by acoustic neuromma and cerebellopontine angle
Use of botulism toxin injection
focal dystonias, achalasia, and spasms
Synaptophysin
protein that can be stained for in tumors of neuronal origin (rare in adults)
Why does pentazocine cause withdrawl symptoms in patients who are addicted to opioids
partial agonist and weak antagonist activity at mu receptors
Waerhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Complication of meningococcemia
may involve adrenal gland destruction
DIC
shock
genera sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
mandibular division of trigeminal
taste innervation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
chorda tymapni branch of facial nerve
Injury to visual pathways in the temporal lobe causes
contralateral superior quandrantanopia
myotonia
abnormally slow relaxation of muscles
myotonic muscular dystrophy
AD disorder
due to trinucleotide repeat on myotonia-protein kinase gene
Also- cataracts, frontal balding, gonadal atrophy
MOA of benzodiazepines
increase frequency of opening of CNS GABAa receptor-chloride channels
have anti-convulsant, anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic, and muscle relaxant effects
How is zolpidem different than benzodiazepines
short acting/rapid onset hypnotic
lower risk of tolerance and dependence
Use of rifampin
chemoprophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis.
Uses of valproic acid
anticonvulsant and mood stabalizer (prevents mania)
MOA: increases synthesis and decreases breakdown of GABA
Three mood stabilizing agents
Lithium, valproic acid, and carbamazepine
How do you diagnose tetanus toxicity
H&P
Why can’t you take a MAOI and SSRI at the same time?
MAOIs irreversibly bind MAO, which degrades serotonin. If SSRI’s are started before more MAO can be generated, there will be extra serotonin around in the synapse -> serotonin syndrome
Most common side effects of SSRIs
Sexual dysfunction
List 4 TCAs
Imipramine, doxepin, amitryptyline, clomipramine
AE of TCAs
Urinary retention
cardiac arrhythmias
seizures
orthostatic HoTN
Most common cause of aseptic meningitis
Enterovirus
fever, malaise, aseptic meningitis
then
severe myalgias, asymmetric polymyositis
unimmunized pt
polio
CSF pattern in viral meningitis
glucose: normal
protein: increased
cells: lymphocytic pleocytosis
neonatal intraventricular hemmorrhage into the lateral ventricles comes from what source
germinal matrix: vascularized sub ventricle area from which neurons and glial cells migrate out during development
happens in premies
Primidone is broken down into
phenobarbiol and PEMA
all three compounds have anti-convulsant activity
What muscle disorder is seen in patients with temporal arteritis
polymyalgia rheumatica
Sporadic encephalitis with temporal lobe involvement
HSV-1
MOA and AE of carbamazepine
blocks voltage gated sodium channels
causes bone marrow supression
Two diseases that cause oligodendrocyte depletion
MS and progressive multifocal leukoencephaloptahy
Cardiac use of atropine
bradycardia
Pancoast tumor
lung tumor that compresses superior sympathetic cervical ganglion. Can also cause ipsilateral compressive brachial plexopathy
MOA of entacapone
Also, tolcapone
COMT inhibitor. Prevents peripheral methylation of L-DOPA, increases the amount available to go to the brain
AE of buproprion
agitation, insomnia, seizures
NOT sexual dysfunction
What is contained in a Nisseria meningitis vaccine
immunogenic capsular polysaccharides. Induces production of anti-capsular antibodies
What property of methodone makes it a good substitute for heroin
long half life-> surpresses withdrawal symptoms
Cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas are tumors of what cell type?
Schwann cells
Abnormalities in first arch syndrome
malformation of mandible, maxilla, malleus, incus, sygoma, vomer, palate, and tempora bone
Associated with trigeminal nerve
Which side effects opiates do not develop tolerance
miosis and constipation
