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A-Step 1 > Neuro 6 > Flashcards

Neuro 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three routes of botulism infection

A

food borne
wound
infant

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2
Q

Meningoencephalitis in HIv+ pts

A

cryptococcus neoformans.
latex agglutination detects polysaccharide capsule
round budding yeast

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3
Q

AE of Thioridazine

A

Low potency typical anti-psychotic

retinal deposits that resemble retinitis pigmentosa

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4
Q

AE of Chlorpromazine

A

Low potency typical anti-psychotic

corneal deposits

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5
Q

AE of Haloperidol

A

High potency typical anti-psychotic

extrapyramidal symptoms

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6
Q

AE of Ziprasidone

A

atypical antipsychotic

prolonged QT

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7
Q

AE of Olanzapine

A

atypical antipsychotic

weight gain

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8
Q

AE of Clozapine

A

atypical antipsychotic

agranulocytosis and seizures

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9
Q

MOA of buspirone

A

selective agonist of the 5HT1A receptor
only used for GAD, not panic disorder or specific phobias
takes up to two weeks to start working, can’t be used as needed

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10
Q

Which patients is buspirone especially useful in?

A

History of abuse of anti-anxiety drugs

minimal hypnotic effects, so less likely to be abused compared to benzos

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11
Q

Functions of CN IX

A

somatomotor: stylopharyngeus
Parasympathetic: inferior salivatory nucleus -> otic ganglion-> parotid gland secretion
general sensory: inner surface of tympanic membrane, Eustachian tube, posterior 1/3 of tongue, tonsiliar region, and upper pharynx, carotid body, and carotid sinus

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12
Q

Most common cause and location of lacunar infarcts

A

cause: hypertensive arteriosclerosis of small penetrating arterioles
location: basal ganglia, pons, internal capsule, deep white matter of brain

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13
Q

How is lithium excreted? What does that mean for it’s therapeutic window?

A

In the kidneys just like sodium
Means that renal injury, toxins and drugs that lead to increased proximal tubular absorption of sodium (thiazide diuretics, NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors) increase risk of toxicity

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14
Q

How do you acutely reduce blood lithium levels?

A

Hemodialysis

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15
Q

Drug of choice for trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine
Can cause aplastic anemia and is a P450 inducer
Anti-epileptic and mood stabalizer (increases stability of inactive Na voltage gated channels)

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16
Q

What effect of Wernicke’s encephalopathy can be permenant

A

memory loss and confabulation

17
Q

Major difference between serotonin syndrome and neuroepileptic syndrome

A

serotonin syndrome: myoclonus

NMS: presence of rigidity

18
Q

Presentation of NMS

A
  1. hyperthermia
  2. extreme generalized rigidity
  3. autonomic instability
  4. altered mental status
19
Q

What drugs are used to decreased mortality in NMS

A

bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)

Direct muscle relaxant (dantrolene)

20
Q

Cause of weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, and constipation while on lithium therapy

A

lithium induced hypothyroidism

Lithium can also cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

21
Q

What brith defects can be caused by lithium

A

fetal cardiac malformations, esp Ebsteins anomaly of the tricuspid valve.

22
Q

AE of Risperidone

A

atypical antipsychotic

symptoms of hyperprolactinemia: galactorrhea and amenorrhea

23
Q

Microscopic findings in prion diseases

A

vacuoles in gray matter with no inflammatory changes

24
Q

Where does CN V3 exit the skull? What muscles does it innervate?

A

foramen ovale

innervates muscles of mastication

25
Q

Difference between neostigmine/edrophonium and physostigmine

A

physostigmine can cross BBB and decrease block cholinesterase in the CNS, while neostigmine/edrophonium cannot cross into CNS

26
Q

Difference in findings between hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus ex vacuo

A

In ex vacuo, there is no increased pressure

27
Q

capillary hemangioblastomas in retina/cerebellum
congenital cysts/neoplasms in kidney, liver, and pancreas
increased risk for bilateral renal cell carcinoma

A

von Hippel Lindau

28
Q

Neurofibromas
optic nerve gliomas
Lisch nodules
cafe-au-lait spots

A

NF-1

29
Q

bilateral acoustic neurommas and multiple meningiomas

A

NF-2

30
Q 
cutaneous facial angiomas
leptomeningial angiomas
mental retardation
seizures
hemiplegia
skull radiopacities
A

Sturge-Weber

31
Q

cutaneous angiofibromas (adeonoma sebaceum)
visceral cysts
other hamartomas

A

Tuberous sclerosis

32
Q

congenital telangiectasias

epistaxis, GI bleeding, hematuria

A

Osler-Weber-Redu

33
Q

What are the four first generation anti-histamines

A

hydroxyzine, promethazine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine

34
Q

What antibiotic is given for suspected listeria monocytogenes infection?

A

ampicillin

A-Step 1 (15 decks)

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