Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COMP EXAM > neuro 2 > Flashcards

neuro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

end of spinal cord is at what vertebral level at brith?

A

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which type of Arnold-chiari malformation has symptoms at birth?

A

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which type of spina bifida is most common?

A

meningomyelocele

SC in the bubble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

schizophrenia is over/under pruning

A

over pruned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

autism is over or under pruning

A

under pruned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

corticobulbar tracts

A

arise from motor cortical areas and project to cranial nerves in the brainstem (contralateral inputs except facial motor has both)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hemianopsia

A

damage to one side of the visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the accommodation reflex is controlled by the _NS and has what three parts?

A

PNS
pupil accommodation
lens accommodation
convergence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CN 1

A

olfactory: smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CN2

A

optic: vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CN3

A

oculomotor: 4/6 eye muscles (AO3) and control of iris and lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CN4

A

trochlear: superior oblique

SO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CN5

A

trigeminal: sensory to the face and muscles of mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CN6

A

abducens: lateral rectus muscle (LR6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CN7

A

facial: muscles of facial expression,
efferents to salivary gland,
sensory to anterior 2/3 tongue and soft palate,
some cutaneous ear fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CN8

A

vestibulochoclear: hearing and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CN9

A

glosopharyngeal: taste from post. 1/3 tongue,
motor control for swallowing (stylopharyngeus m.),
sensory from carotid body and sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CN10

A

vagus: parasympathetic control of viscera, sensory from epiglottis, esophagus, outer ear, and gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CN11

A

spinal accessory: trap and SCM innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CN12

A

hypoglossal: motor control of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sections of sensory portion of trigeminal nerve

A

opthalamic: eye
maxillary: mouth
mandibular: chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Jaw jerk reflex

A

test for cranial nerve 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bell’s palsy

A

facial nerve lesion leads to ipsilateral half of face paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lesion of motor cortex or corticobulbar fibers of facial nerve leads to

A

bilateral above the eye and contralateral above the eye paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where does vestibular n. info go?

A

primary afferents –> cerebellum and vestibular nuclei

vestibular nuclei –> to nuclei of CN3, 4, 6 and also to spinal cod via medial and lateral vestibulospinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

function of carotid body?

A

detects oxygen levels on the blood (chemoreceptor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

CNs that have somatic sensory to outer ear

A

7, 9, 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

mixed nerves

A

5, 7, 9, 10

29
Q

what detects changes in blood temperature?

A

hypothalamus (thermoreceptor)

30
Q

what does the carotid sinus detect?

A

changes in blood pressure (mechanoreceptor)

31
Q

what do baroreceptors detect?

A

blood pressure

32
Q

visceral control centers

A
  • brainstem: vital functions (HR, RR, blood flow)

- hypothalamus, thalamus, limbic system: modulates the brainstem

33
Q

all preganglionic cells (both sympathetic and parasympathetic) release what NT?

A

ACh

34
Q

alpha receptors and drug action

A

located in arterioles of peripheral smooth muscle
drug: BLOCKER,
decreases blood pressure

35
Q

beta 2 receptors and drug action

A

located in smooth muscle of bronchi
drug: AGONIST,
keeps airways open

36
Q

beta 1 receptors and drug action

A

located in smooth muscle of heart

drug: BLOCKER, reduces HR and contractility(BP?)

37
Q

where does parasympathetic innervation come out of the spinal cord?

A

CN 3, 7, 9, 10

lateral horns of S2-S4

38
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

lesion that affects sympathetic innervation to the head

symptoms: ipsilateral eye lid drooping, pupil constriction, skin vasodilation, absence of sweating

39
Q

which descending motor tract controls the CPG?

A

lateral reticulospinal

40
Q

which lamina deals with reflexes?

A

lamina VII, intermediate zone, Clarke’s nucleus is there in T1-L3

41
Q

central cord syndrome presentation and common MOI

A

cape distribution of motor paralysis (motor pools at the level) and pain/temp loss (crossing fibers)
MOI: hyperflexion or extension

42
Q

brown squared syndrome presentation and MOI

A

HEMISECTION
ipsilateral: paralysis below, no DCML below, no P/T at level
contralateral: no P/T below
MOI: gunshot or stab wound

43
Q

anterior cord syndrome presentation and MOI

A

paralysis and no P/T below lesion

MOI: hyperflexion injuries, or loss of blood to anterior spinal artery

44
Q

posterior cord syndrome presentation and MOI

A

DCML lost

MOI: hyperextension w/ vertebral arch fracture, penetrating would

45
Q

conus medullaris

A

UMN and LMN signs

LBP, saddle anesthesia, LE spasticity, B/B dysfunction

46
Q

cauda equina

A

PNS injury, no spasticity
saddle anesthesia, LBP, sensory impairment, flaccid paralysis, B/B
Medical emergency

47
Q

autonomic dysreflexia

A

more common T6 or above

high BP, raise HOB and remove stimulus

48
Q

basal ganglia’s role in motor control

A

selection of motor program and inhibition of competing components

49
Q

striatum is made of

A

caudate and putamen

50
Q

where is substantia nigra located?

A

superior midbrain

51
Q

lenticular nucleus is made of

A

putamen and globus pallidus

52
Q

what connects the caudate and putamen in the anterior portion of brain?

A

(nucleus accumbens) ventral striatum

53
Q

Which portion of substantial nigra is dark?

A

pars compacta

54
Q

the direct pathway causes increase/decrease of activity.in cortex?

A

increased

55
Q

the indirect pathway causes increase/decrease of activity.in cortex?

A

decreased

56
Q

Is GABA excitatory or inhibitory?

A

inhibitory

57
Q

How does dopamine affect the direct and indirect pathway?

A

direct: increases the response
indirect: decreases the response

58
Q

PD symptoms emerge when how much dopamine is left?

A

less than 20%

59
Q

symptoms of PD

A 
reseting tremor (pill rolling)
freezing
hypo/bradykinesia
demenita/affective changes
perseveration
visuoperceptive impairment
60
Q

deep cerebellar nuclei (lateral to medial)

A

dentate, emboliform and globose (interposed), fastgial

DONT EAT GREASY FOOD

61
Q

where do climbing fibers come from?

A

olive only

62
Q

Vestibulocerebellum… which lobe, which DCN

A

flocculonodular lobe, fastigial nucleus

63
Q

Vestibulocerebellum outputs

A

VOR: medial longitudinal fasciculus
eye-head movmenets: medial vestibulospinal tract
postural reactions: lateral vestibulospinal tract

64
Q

Vestibulocerebellum inputs

A

vestibular nucleus complex
superior colliculus
proprioceptors in head and neck

65
Q

spinocerebellum location and DCN

A

vermis and intermediate hemisphere

fastigial:

66
Q

Cerebrocerebellum (pontocerebellum) location and DCN

A

lateral hemisphere

dentate

67
Q

cerebrocerebellum function

A

motor planning

68
Q

spin-cerebellum function

A

anticipation of movements using feed-forward sensory info, modulation of limbs in space

COMP EXAM (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions