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COMP EXAM > Anatomy Division 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy Division 1 Flashcards

1
Q

posterior (dorsal) primary rami innervate…

A

intrinsic back muscles and skin(tiny nerve branch)

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2
Q

anterior (ventral) primary rami innervate…

A

limbs and trunk(large remaining portion of spins nerve)get named!

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3
Q

afferent

A

sensory nerveDORSAL ROOTScell bodies in dorsal root ganglion

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4
Q

efferent

A

motor nerveVENTRAL ROOTScell bodies in spinal cord

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5
Q

acetabulum is made up by how many bones?

A

3 (ilium, ischium, pubis)

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6
Q

acetabulum is lined with ___ cartilage

A

hyaline

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7
Q

acetabular labrum is made from ____

A

fibrocartilage

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8
Q

where is acetabular notch

A

inferior aspect

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9
Q

name the 3 main ligaments of the hip and their function

A

iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament) - prevents hyperextension
pubofemoral - prevents hyperabduction
ischiofemoral - prevents hyperflexion

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10
Q

inguinal ligament path

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

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11
Q

blood supply to the head of the femur (2)

A
  1. artery to the head of the femur

2. retinacular aa. (from circumflex femoral artery – majority medial circumflex a.)

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12
Q

lumbosacral plexus nerves (levels, 1 sensory, 3 motor)

A

(L1-S4)

sensory: clunial nn. (middle out of holes of sacrum)
motor: superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, sciatic

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13
Q

hip extensors (3)

A

glutei max, min, med (superficial group)

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14
Q

deep hip muscles (5)

A

piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadrates femoris
-THESE ARE SUPERIOR TO INFERIOR-

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15
Q

Gluteus Maximus m.

A

O: posterior ilium, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
I: IT band and gluteal tuberosity
A: hip extension (esp. in hip flexion), and hip ER
I: inferior gluteal n. (L5, S1, S2)

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16
Q

Gluteus Medius & Minimus mm.

A

O: external surface of ilium
I: med-lateral aspect, min - anterior aspect of greater troch
A: hip ABD and IR
I: superior gluteal n. (L4, L5, S1)

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17
Q

TFL m.

A

O: ASIS and iliac crest
I: ITB
A: ABD and hip flex
I: superior gluteal n. (L4, L5, S1)

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18
Q

superior gluteal nerve injury –>

A

positive trendelenburg

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19
Q

piriformis m.

A

O: anterior sacrum (through greater sciatic foramen)
I: greater trochanter (superomedial)
A: Hip ER and ABD
I: n. to piriformis

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20
Q

superior gemellus m.

A

O: ischial spine
I: trochanteric fossa
A: hip ER
I: n. to obturator internus

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21
Q

obturator internus m.

A

O: obturator membrane
I: trochanteric fossa
A: hip ER
I: n. to obturator internus

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22
Q

inferior gemellus m.

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: trochanteric fossa
A: hip ER
I: n. to quadrates femoris

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23
Q

quadrates femoris m.

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest
A: hip ER
I:n. to quadrates femoris

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24
Q

piriformi anatomical relationships superior –> inferior

A

superior gluteal artery and nerve, piriformis, sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal nerve and artery

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25
Q

three thigh compartments

A

anterior, medial, posterior

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26
Q

Levels and divisions of the sciatic nerve

A

(L4-S3)
tibial division and fibular division
splits in popliteal fossa

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27
Q

Biceps Femoris m.

A

O: ischial tuberosity (long head) & linea aspera (short head)
I: head of fibula
A: extends hip, flexes knee, leg ER
I: sciatic n. (tibial division for long head & fibular division for short head)

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28
Q

Semimembranosus m.

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: posteromedial tibia
A: extend hip, flex knee, IR leg
I: tibial division of sciatic n.

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29
Q

Semitendinosus m.

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial proximal tibia
A: extend hip, flex knee, IR leg
I: tibial division of sciatic n.

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30
Q

popliteal fossa borders

A

superolateral: biceps femoris
superomedial: semimembranosis
inferolateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius
inferomedial: medial head of gastric
floor: femur and popliteus

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31
Q

popliteal fossa contents (4)

A
  1. small saphenous v. draining into popliteal v.
  2. popliteal a.
  3. tibial and common fibular nn.
  4. posterior cutaneous n. of the thigh
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32
Q

genicular anastomosis contains 4 arteries

A

superior and inferior genicular aa.

medial and lateral of both

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33
Q

LE myotomes

A 
L1-L2: Hip flexion
L3: Knee Extension
L4: Ankle DF
L5: great toe extension
S1: ankle PF and eversion
S2: knee flexion
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34
Q

Which cutaneous nerve innervates the anterior thigh?

A

anterior cutaneous branches of femoral n. (L2-L4)

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35
Q

Which cutaneous nerve innervates the lateral thigh?

A

lateral femoral cutaneous n. (L2-L3)

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36
Q

Which cutaneous nerve innervates the medial leg?

A

saphenous n. (L3-L4)

distal extent of the femoral nerve

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37
Q

Innervation of anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral n. (L2-L4)

except posts major = anterior rami of L1-L3

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38
Q

iliopsoas m.

A 
O:
psoas major: T12-L5 vertebrae
iliacus: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter
A: main hip flexor
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39
Q

sartorius m.

A

O: ASIS
I: proximal anteromedial tibia
A: hip flexion, ER, ABD, knee flexion

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40
Q

quariceps femoris m.

A

Rectus femoris: AIIS
vastus lateralis: greater trochanter, lineament aspera
vastus medialis linea aspera
vastus intermedius: anterior shaft of femur
I: quad tendon to tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension and hip flexion for rectus femoris

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41
Q

muscles of the medial thigh compartment (6)

&action, innervation, blood supply

A 
pectineus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor Magnus
gracilis
obturator externes

A: hip adduction
I: obturator n. (L2-L4)
blood supply: obturator a.

42
Q

pectineus m.

A

O: superior pubic ramus
I: pectineal line of femur
A: medial adducts, superficial flexes hip

43
Q

adductor longus m.

A

O: body of pubis
I: linea aspera

44
Q

adductor brevis m.

A

O: body of pubis & inferior pubic ramus
I: Lena aspera

runs deep to longs and pectineus

45
Q

adductor Magnus m.

A

O: ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity
I: linea aspera, adductor tubercle
has a hamstring portion that extends hip (tibial division of sciatic n.)

46
Q

gracilis m.

A

O: body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus
I: proximal anteromedial tibia
A: adducts hip, flexes knee
!only adductor to cross the knee!

47
Q

Pes anserinus

A 
SAY GRACE BEFORE TEA
sartorius
gracilis
bursa
semitendinosus
48
Q

obturator nerve terminates as

A

cutaneous branch that innervates the medial thigh

49
Q

vasculature of the thigh

A

femoral a. (deep a. of thigh branch–> circumflex femoral a.) –> popliteal a. at adductor hiatus

50
Q

femoral triangle relationships

A

superior: inguinal ligament
lateral: sartorius m.
medial: adductor longus m.
floor: iliopsoas and pectineus
contains: femoral VAN

51
Q

Innervation of the knee(2)

A
  1. obturator n.

2. saphenous nn.

52
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior and lateral leg?

A

sural nere

53
Q

innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg mm.?

A

deep fibular n. (L4-S2)

54
Q

innervation of the lateral compartment of the leg mm.?

A

superficial fibular n. (L5-S2)

55
Q

innervation of the posterior compartment of the leg mm.?

A

tibial n. (L4-S3)
superficial (S1-S2)
deep (L4-S3)

56
Q

blood supply of anterior compartment of the leg?

A

anterior tibial a.

57
Q

blood supply of lateral compartment of the leg?

A

perforating branches of fibular and anterior tibial aa.

58
Q

blood supply of posterior compartment of the leg?

A

posterior tibial and fibular aa.

59
Q

tibialis anterior m.

A

O: proximal, lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
I: medial cuneiform and base of 1st met
A: DF and inversion
*helps support medial arch of the foot

60
Q

extensor hallucis longus m.

A

O: anterior fibula and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of great toe
A: DF and great toe extension

61
Q

extensor digitorum longus m.

A

O: proximal fibula, interosseous membrane, lateral tibial condyle
I: middle and distal phalanges of 2-5
A:extends digits, DF and weak eversion

62
Q

fibularis tertius m.

A

O: distal fibula and interosseous membrane
I: base of 5th met
A: DF and eversion
not very strong

63
Q

fibularis longus m.

A

O: proximal, lateral fibula
I: plantar surface of base of 1st met and medial cuneiform
A: eversion, weak PF

64
Q

fibularis brevis m.

A

O: distal 2/3 of lateral fibula
I: base of 5th met
A: eversion, weak PF
*common site for avulsion fracture

65
Q

gastrocnemius m.

A

O: posterior surface, superior to respective condyle
I: through calcanea tendon to posterior calcareous
A: PF and weak knee flexion

66
Q

plantaris m.

A

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
I: attaches via calcanea tendon
A: weak PF and knee flexor

67
Q

soles m.

A

O: soleal line on posterior tibia and posterior fibula
I: calcaneal tendon
A: PF

68
Q

popliteus m.

A

O: lateral femoral condyle
I: posterior surface of proximal tibia
A: weak knee flexor, IR of leg or ER of femur when fixed

69
Q

tibialis posterior m.

A

O: psoterior tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
I: navicula, cuneiforms
A: inversion, PF
*helps support medial arch

70
Q

flexor digitorum longus m.

A

O: posterior surface of tibia
I: distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
A: flexes lateral 4 toes

71
Q

flexor hallucis longus m.

A

O: distal fibula, interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanx of great toe
A: flexes great toe

72
Q

medial ankle relationship

A 
Tom Dick And Nervous Harry
Tibialis posterior m. 
flexor digitorum longus m.
posterior tibial artery
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus m.
73
Q

sural n. comes from

A

common fibular and tibial nn.

74
Q

vasculature of the leg

A

popliteal a. –> anterior tibial artery (enters through ant. compartment) –> dorsals pedis a. after crossing ankle

popliteal a. –> posterior tibial a. –> divides into medial and lateral plantar aa.

75
Q

ligaments of the lateral ankle (3)

A
  1. anterior talofibular ligament (flat and weak)
  2. calcaneofibular ligament
  3. posterior talofibular ligament
76
Q

ligaments of the medial ankle

A

deltoid ligament

  • anterior and posterior tibiotalar parts
  • tibionavicular part
  • tibiocalcaneal part
77
Q

ankle joint innervation

A

tibial n. and deep fibular n.

78
Q

extensor digitorum brevis m.

A

O: superolateral surface of calcaneus
I: tendons of the EDL and extensor hoods
A: extension of toes 2-4
I: deep fibular n.

79
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis m.

A

O: superolateral surface of calcaneus
I: proximal phalanx of great toe
A: extend MTP joint of great toe
I: deep fibular n.

80
Q

Abductor Hallucis m.

A

O: calcaneus
I: proximal phalanx of great toe
A: abducts great toe
I: MEDIAL PLANTAR n.

81
Q

What nerve innervates plantar intrinsic m. of the foot

A

lateral plantar n. EXCEPT 4 are medial plantar n.

82
Q

flexor digitorum brevis m.

A

O: calcaneus
I: middle phalanges of 2nd-5th digit
A: flexes MTP and PIP
I: MEDIAL PLANTAR n.

83
Q

Abductor digiti minimi m.

A

O: calcaneus
I: proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: abducts 5th digit
I: lateral plantar n.

84
Q

Muscles of the layers of the plantar foot

A

1st:
-abductor hallucis
-flexor digitorum brevis
-abductor digiti minimi
2nd:
-quadratus plantae
-lumbricals
3rd:
-flexor hallucis brevis
-adductor hallucis
-flexor digiti minimi brevis
4th:
-plantar interossei
-dorsal interossei

85
Q

quadrates plantae m.

A

O: calcaneus
I: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
A: assists with flexion of digits
I: lateral plantar n.

86
Q

lumbrical mm.

A 
O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: medial side of extensor expansions
A: flexes MTP joints and extends IP joints of 2-5
I: 
-1st =MEDIAL PLANTAR n.
-2-4 = lateral plantar n.
87
Q

flexor hallucis brevis m.

A

O: cuboid and lateral cuneiform
I: proximal phalanx of great toe
A: flexes MTP of great toe
I: MEDIAL PLANTAR n.

88
Q

adductor hallucis m.

A

transverse and oblique head

deep branch of lateral plantar n.

89
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis m.

A

O: base of 5th met
I: proximal phalanx of 5th
A: flexes MTP of 5th
I:superficial branch of lateral plantar n.

90
Q

plantar interossei mm.

A

unipennate
PAD
I: lateral plantar n.

91
Q

dorsal interossei mm.

A

bipennate
DAB
I: lateral plantar n.

92
Q

superficial fibular n. (m and s)

A

motor: lateral compartment of the leg
sensory: dorsum of foot

93
Q

deep fibular n. (m and s)

A

motor: anterior compartment of leg, dorsum of foot
sensory: between 1st and 2nd digit only

94
Q

medial plantar n. (m and s)

A

motor:
- abductor hallucis m.
- flexor digitorum brevis m.
- 1st lumbrical m.
- flexor hallucis brevis m.
sensory: medial aspect of sole of foot

95
Q

lateral plantar n. (m and s)

A

motor: lateral intrinsic foot mm. (all the rest)
sensory: lateral aspect of sole of foot

96
Q

common plantar/dorsal digit l nn. (on mets) –>

A

proper plantar/dorsal digital nn. (on phalanges)

97
Q

arteries of dorsum of the foot

A

anterior tibial a. –> dorsal pedis a. –>
gives off lateral tarsal artery proximally, deep plantar artery goes down to meet deep plantar arch, and arcuate artery (that connects to lateral tarsal artery) –> dorsal metatarsal aa. –> dorsal digital aa.

98
Q

posterior tibial artery –> lateral plantar artery –>

A
  • deep plantar arch –> plantar metatarsal arteries and deep plantar artery
  • common plantar digital arteries –> proper plantar Digital arteries
99
Q

posterior tibial artery –> medial plantar artery –>

A

common plantar digital arteries –> proper plantar digital arteries

100
Q

spring ligament

A

plantar calcaneonavicular

-supports head of talus to maintain longitudinal arch

101
Q

long plantar ligament

A
  • calcaneus to cuboid and MT bases (creates tunnel for PL)

- maintains longitudiinal arch

102
Q

short plantar ligament

A

plantar calcaneocuboid

-maintains longitudinal arch

COMP EXAM (18 decks)

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