Anatomy Division 1 Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
posterior (dorsal) primary rami innervate…
A
intrinsic back muscles and skin(tiny nerve branch)
2
Q
anterior (ventral) primary rami innervate…
A
limbs and trunk(large remaining portion of spins nerve)get named!
3
Q
afferent
A
sensory nerveDORSAL ROOTScell bodies in dorsal root ganglion
4
Q
efferent
A
motor nerveVENTRAL ROOTScell bodies in spinal cord
5
Q
acetabulum is made up by how many bones?
A
3 (ilium, ischium, pubis)
6
Q
acetabulum is lined with ___ cartilage
A
hyaline
7
Q
acetabular labrum is made from ____
A
fibrocartilage
8
Q
where is acetabular notch
A
inferior aspect
9
Q
name the 3 main ligaments of the hip and their function
A
iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament) - prevents hyperextension
pubofemoral - prevents hyperabduction
ischiofemoral - prevents hyperflexion
10
Q
inguinal ligament path
A
ASIS to pubic tubercle
11
Q
blood supply to the head of the femur (2)
A
- artery to the head of the femur
2. retinacular aa. (from circumflex femoral artery – majority medial circumflex a.)
12
Q
lumbosacral plexus nerves (levels, 1 sensory, 3 motor)
A
(L1-S4)
sensory: clunial nn. (middle out of holes of sacrum)
motor: superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, sciatic
13
Q
hip extensors (3)
A
glutei max, min, med (superficial group)
14
Q
deep hip muscles (5)
A
piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadrates femoris
-THESE ARE SUPERIOR TO INFERIOR-
15
Q
Gluteus Maximus m.
A
O: posterior ilium, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
I: IT band and gluteal tuberosity
A: hip extension (esp. in hip flexion), and hip ER
I: inferior gluteal n. (L5, S1, S2)
16
Q
Gluteus Medius & Minimus mm.
A
O: external surface of ilium
I: med-lateral aspect, min - anterior aspect of greater troch
A: hip ABD and IR
I: superior gluteal n. (L4, L5, S1)
17
Q
TFL m.
A
O: ASIS and iliac crest
I: ITB
A: ABD and hip flex
I: superior gluteal n. (L4, L5, S1)
18
Q
superior gluteal nerve injury –>
A
positive trendelenburg
19
Q
piriformis m.
A
O: anterior sacrum (through greater sciatic foramen)
I: greater trochanter (superomedial)
A: Hip ER and ABD
I: n. to piriformis
20
Q
superior gemellus m.
A
O: ischial spine
I: trochanteric fossa
A: hip ER
I: n. to obturator internus
21
Q
obturator internus m.
A
O: obturator membrane
I: trochanteric fossa
A: hip ER
I: n. to obturator internus
22
Q
inferior gemellus m.
A
O: ischial tuberosity
I: trochanteric fossa
A: hip ER
I: n. to quadrates femoris
23
Q
quadrates femoris m.
A
O: ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest
A: hip ER
I:n. to quadrates femoris
24
Q
piriformi anatomical relationships superior –> inferior
A
superior gluteal artery and nerve, piriformis, sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal nerve and artery
25
three thigh compartments
anterior, medial, posterior
26
Levels and divisions of the sciatic nerve
(L4-S3)
tibial division and fibular division
splits in popliteal fossa
27
Biceps Femoris m.
O: ischial tuberosity (long head) & linea aspera (short head)
I: head of fibula
A: extends hip, flexes knee, leg ER
I: sciatic n. (tibial division for long head & fibular division for short head)
28
Semimembranosus m.
O: ischial tuberosity
I: posteromedial tibia
A: extend hip, flex knee, IR leg
I: tibial division of sciatic n.
29
Semitendinosus m.
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial proximal tibia
A: extend hip, flex knee, IR leg
I: tibial division of sciatic n.
30
popliteal fossa borders
superolateral: biceps femoris
superomedial: semimembranosis
inferolateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius
inferomedial: medial head of gastric
floor: femur and popliteus
31
popliteal fossa contents (4)
1. small saphenous v. draining into popliteal v.
2. popliteal a.
3. tibial and common fibular nn.
4. posterior cutaneous n. of the thigh
32
genicular anastomosis contains 4 arteries
superior and inferior genicular aa.
| medial and lateral of both
33
LE myotomes
```
L1-L2: Hip flexion
L3: Knee Extension
L4: Ankle DF
L5: great toe extension
S1: ankle PF and eversion
S2: knee flexion
```
34
Which cutaneous nerve innervates the anterior thigh?
anterior cutaneous branches of femoral n. (L2-L4)
35
Which cutaneous nerve innervates the lateral thigh?
lateral femoral cutaneous n. (L2-L3)
36
Which cutaneous nerve innervates the medial leg?
saphenous n. (L3-L4)
| distal extent of the femoral nerve
37
Innervation of anterior compartment of the thigh?
femoral n. (L2-L4)
| except posts major = anterior rami of L1-L3
38
iliopsoas m.
```
O:
psoas major: T12-L5 vertebrae
iliacus: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter
A: main hip flexor
```
39
sartorius m.
O: ASIS
I: proximal anteromedial tibia
A: hip flexion, ER, ABD, knee flexion
40
quariceps femoris m.
Rectus femoris: AIIS
vastus lateralis: greater trochanter, lineament aspera
vastus medialis linea aspera
vastus intermedius: anterior shaft of femur
I: quad tendon to tibial tuberosity
A: knee extension and hip flexion for rectus femoris
41
muscles of the medial thigh compartment (6)
&action, innervation, blood supply
```
pectineus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor Magnus
gracilis
obturator externes
```
A: hip adduction
I: obturator n. (L2-L4)
blood supply: obturator a.
42
pectineus m.
O: superior pubic ramus
I: pectineal line of femur
A: medial adducts, superficial flexes hip
43
adductor longus m.
O: body of pubis
I: linea aspera
44
adductor brevis m.
O: body of pubis & inferior pubic ramus
I: Lena aspera
runs deep to longs and pectineus
45
adductor Magnus m.
O: ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity
I: linea aspera, adductor tubercle
has a hamstring portion that extends hip (tibial division of sciatic n.)
46
gracilis m.
O: body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus
I: proximal anteromedial tibia
A: adducts hip, flexes knee
!only adductor to cross the knee!
47
Pes anserinus
```
SAY GRACE BEFORE TEA
sartorius
gracilis
bursa
semitendinosus
```
48
obturator nerve terminates as
cutaneous branch that innervates the medial thigh
49
vasculature of the thigh
femoral a. (deep a. of thigh branch--> circumflex femoral a.) --> popliteal a. at adductor hiatus
50
femoral triangle relationships
superior: inguinal ligament
lateral: sartorius m.
medial: adductor longus m.
floor: iliopsoas and pectineus
contains: femoral VAN
51
Innervation of the knee(2)
1. obturator n.
| 2. saphenous nn.
52
what nerve innervates the posterior and lateral leg?
sural nere
53
innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg mm.?
deep fibular n. (L4-S2)
54
innervation of the lateral compartment of the leg mm.?
superficial fibular n. (L5-S2)
55
innervation of the posterior compartment of the leg mm.?
tibial n. (L4-S3)
superficial (S1-S2)
deep (L4-S3)
56
blood supply of anterior compartment of the leg?
anterior tibial a.
57
blood supply of lateral compartment of the leg?
perforating branches of fibular and anterior tibial aa.
58
blood supply of posterior compartment of the leg?
posterior tibial and fibular aa.
59
tibialis anterior m.
O: proximal, lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
I: medial cuneiform and base of 1st met
A: DF and inversion
*helps support medial arch of the foot
60
extensor hallucis longus m.
O: anterior fibula and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of great toe
A: DF and great toe extension
61
extensor digitorum longus m.
O: proximal fibula, interosseous membrane, lateral tibial condyle
I: middle and distal phalanges of 2-5
A:extends digits, DF and weak eversion
62
fibularis tertius m.
O: distal fibula and interosseous membrane
I: base of 5th met
A: DF and eversion
not very strong
63
fibularis longus m.
O: proximal, lateral fibula
I: plantar surface of base of 1st met and medial cuneiform
A: eversion, weak PF
64
fibularis brevis m.
O: distal 2/3 of lateral fibula
I: base of 5th met
A: eversion, weak PF
*common site for avulsion fracture
65
gastrocnemius m.
O: posterior surface, superior to respective condyle
I: through calcanea tendon to posterior calcareous
A: PF and weak knee flexion
66
plantaris m.
O: lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
I: attaches via calcanea tendon
A: weak PF and knee flexor
67
soles m.
O: soleal line on posterior tibia and posterior fibula
I: calcaneal tendon
A: PF
68
popliteus m.
O: lateral femoral condyle
I: posterior surface of proximal tibia
A: weak knee flexor, IR of leg or ER of femur when fixed
69
tibialis posterior m.
O: psoterior tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
I: navicula, cuneiforms
A: inversion, PF
*helps support medial arch
70
flexor digitorum longus m.
O: posterior surface of tibia
I: distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
A: flexes lateral 4 toes
71
flexor hallucis longus m.
O: distal fibula, interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanx of great toe
A: flexes great toe
72
medial ankle relationship
```
Tom Dick And Nervous Harry
Tibialis posterior m.
flexor digitorum longus m.
posterior tibial artery
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus m.
```
73
sural n. comes from
common fibular and tibial nn.
74
vasculature of the leg
popliteal a. --> anterior tibial artery (enters through ant. compartment) --> dorsals pedis a. after crossing ankle
popliteal a. --> posterior tibial a. --> divides into medial and lateral plantar aa.
75
ligaments of the lateral ankle (3)
1. anterior talofibular ligament (flat and weak)
2. calcaneofibular ligament
3. posterior talofibular ligament
76
ligaments of the medial ankle
deltoid ligament
- anterior and posterior tibiotalar parts
- tibionavicular part
- tibiocalcaneal part
77
ankle joint innervation
tibial n. and deep fibular n.
78
extensor digitorum brevis m.
O: superolateral surface of calcaneus
I: tendons of the EDL and extensor hoods
A: extension of toes 2-4
I: deep fibular n.
79
Extensor Hallucis Brevis m.
O: superolateral surface of calcaneus
I: proximal phalanx of great toe
A: extend MTP joint of great toe
I: deep fibular n.
80
Abductor Hallucis m.
O: calcaneus
I: proximal phalanx of great toe
A: abducts great toe
I: MEDIAL PLANTAR n.
81
What nerve innervates plantar intrinsic m. of the foot
lateral plantar n. EXCEPT 4 are medial plantar n.
82
flexor digitorum brevis m.
O: calcaneus
I: middle phalanges of 2nd-5th digit
A: flexes MTP and PIP
I: MEDIAL PLANTAR n.
83
Abductor digiti minimi m.
O: calcaneus
I: proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: abducts 5th digit
I: lateral plantar n.
84
Muscles of the layers of the plantar foot
1st:
-abductor hallucis
-flexor digitorum brevis
-abductor digiti minimi
2nd:
-quadratus plantae
-lumbricals
3rd:
-flexor hallucis brevis
-adductor hallucis
-flexor digiti minimi brevis
4th:
-plantar interossei
-dorsal interossei
85
quadrates plantae m.
O: calcaneus
I: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
A: assists with flexion of digits
I: lateral plantar n.
86
lumbrical mm.
```
O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: medial side of extensor expansions
A: flexes MTP joints and extends IP joints of 2-5
I:
-1st =MEDIAL PLANTAR n.
-2-4 = lateral plantar n.
```
87
flexor hallucis brevis m.
O: cuboid and lateral cuneiform
I: proximal phalanx of great toe
A: flexes MTP of great toe
I: MEDIAL PLANTAR n.
88
adductor hallucis m.
transverse and oblique head
| deep branch of lateral plantar n.
89
flexor digiti minimi brevis m.
O: base of 5th met
I: proximal phalanx of 5th
A: flexes MTP of 5th
I:superficial branch of lateral plantar n.
90
plantar interossei mm.
unipennate
PAD
I: lateral plantar n.
91
dorsal interossei mm.
bipennate
DAB
I: lateral plantar n.
92
superficial fibular n. (m and s)
motor: lateral compartment of the leg
sensory: dorsum of foot
93
deep fibular n. (m and s)
motor: anterior compartment of leg, dorsum of foot
sensory: between 1st and 2nd digit only
94
medial plantar n. (m and s)
motor:
- abductor hallucis m.
- flexor digitorum brevis m.
- 1st lumbrical m.
- flexor hallucis brevis m.
sensory: medial aspect of sole of foot
95
lateral plantar n. (m and s)
motor: lateral intrinsic foot mm. (all the rest)
sensory: lateral aspect of sole of foot
96
common plantar/dorsal digit l nn. (on mets) -->
proper plantar/dorsal digital nn. (on phalanges)
97
arteries of dorsum of the foot
anterior tibial a. --> dorsal pedis a. -->
gives off lateral tarsal artery proximally, deep plantar artery goes down to meet deep plantar arch, and arcuate artery (that connects to lateral tarsal artery) --> dorsal metatarsal aa. --> dorsal digital aa.
98
posterior tibial artery --> lateral plantar artery -->
- deep plantar arch --> plantar metatarsal arteries and deep plantar artery
- common plantar digital arteries --> proper plantar Digital arteries
99
posterior tibial artery --> medial plantar artery -->
common plantar digital arteries --> proper plantar digital arteries
100
spring ligament
plantar calcaneonavicular
| -supports head of talus to maintain longitudinal arch
101
long plantar ligament
- calcaneus to cuboid and MT bases (creates tunnel for PL)
| - maintains longitudiinal arch
102
short plantar ligament
plantar calcaneocuboid
| -maintains longitudinal arch
