Anatomy Division 2 Flashcards
trapezius m.
O: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, SP C7-T12
I: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
A: elevates, retracts, depresses scapula
I: spinal accessory n. CN XI
latissimus dorsi m.
O: spinous process of T6-12
I: intertubercular groove of humerus
A: extends, adducts, IR shoulder
I: thoracodorsal n.
levator scapulae m.
O: transverse processes C1-C4
I: superior medial border of scapula
A: elevates scapula
I: dorsal scapular n.
rhomboid minor and major m.
O: SP C7-T1 (minor), T2-5 (major)
I: medial border of scapula
A: retracts and inferior rotation scapula
I: dorsal scapular nerve
scapulohumeral muscles
deltoid supraspinatus infaspinatus teres minor subscapularis (SITS) teres major
deltoid m.
O: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A: strong abductor together, flexor and extender
I: axillary n.
supraspinatus m.
O: supraspinous fossa
I: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
A: initiates and assists ABD of arm
I: suprascapular n.
infraspinatus m.
O: infraspinous fossa
I: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
A: ER of shoulder
I: suprascapular n.
teres minor m.
O: lateral border of scapula
I: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
A: ER of shoulder
I: axillary n.
subscapularis m.
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: IR and ADD shoulder
I: upper and lower subscapular n.
theres major m.
O: inferior angle of scapula
I: inter tubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
A: IR, ADD, ext of shoulder
I: lower subscapular n.
triceps brachii m.
O:
-long head: infraglenoid tubercle
-short head: posterior humeral shaft (above radial groove)
-medial head: posterior humeral shaft (below radial groove)
I: olecranon of ulna
A: elbow ext, (long = ext/add of shoulder)
I: radial n.
anconeus m.
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon
A: assists triceps
I: radial n.
quadrangular space borders and transmits
borders: teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps, humerus
transmits: axillary n. and posterior circumflex humeral artery
triangular space borders and window
borders: teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps
window: circumflex scapular artery
triangular interval borders and window
borders: teres major, humerus, long head of triceps
window: radial n., profunda brachii a. (deep artery of arm)
what drains into axillary vein
- cephalic vein drains into axillary at the shoulder
- basilic vein becomes axillary v. at lateral border of teres major
- these are connected at the elbow by the median cubital vein
deltopectoral triangle contents
cephalic vein, thoracoacromial a., lateral pectoral n.
pectoralis major m.
O: medial clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 1-6
I: bicipital groove
A: shoulder flexion, adduction, IR
I: lateral and medial pectoral n.
pectoralis minor m.
O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
A: protracts and depresses scapula
I: medial pectoral n.
subclavius m.
O: 1st rib
I: inferior clavicle
A: depresses clavicle
I: subclavian n.
serrates anterior m.
O: lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
I: medial border of anterior scapula
A: protracts scapula, holds scapula against thorax
I: long thoracic n.
scapulohumeral rhythm
2 degrees GH = 1 degree ST
costoclavicular ligament prevents
limits elevation of medial clavicle
acromioclavicular ligament does…
strengthens AC joint superiorly
coracoclavicular ligaments does…
anchors clavicle
conoid part: posteromedial
trapezoid part: anterolateral
glenohumeral ligaments strengthens and parts
strengthen anterior aspect
superior/middle/inferior
coracohumeral ligament strengthens…
superior joint capsule
transverse humeral ligament purpose
holds long head of biceps in place
coracoacromial ligament
strong superior support
separate from joint capsule
injury to long thoracic n. causes…
winged scapula
what is a shoulder separation?
AC dislocation
most common humeral dislocations
anterior and then inferior
axillar pyramind borders
anterior wall: pectoral mm.
medial wall: serratus anterior
posterior wall: subscapularis mostly
lateral wall: humerus
axillary pyramid contents (4)
- axillary a.
- axillary v.
- brachial plexus
- lymphatics
subclavian a. –>
axillary a. after 1st rib
axillary a. –>
brachial a. after teres major m.
1st part of axillary a. borders and branch
lateral border of first rib - medial border of pec minor
branch: superior thoracic artery
2nd part of axillary a.
2 branches
posterior to pec minor
thoracoacromial a.
-akron city police department (acromial, clavicular, pectoral, deltoid)
lateral thoracic a.
3rd part of axillary a.
3 branches
lateral border of pec minor to inferior border of teres major m. branches: -subscapular a. (first and BIG) -anterior circumflex humeral a. (second) -posterior circumflex humeral a. (third)
anterior compartment of the arm
- 3 muscles, n. and a.
muscles: biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
I: musculocutaneous n.
blood supply: brachial a.
biceps brachii m.
O: -short: coracoid process -long: supraglenoid tubercle I: radial tuberosity A: flexes and supinates forearm, assists shoulder flexion I: musculocutaneous n.
coracobrachialis m.
O: coracoid process
I: medial humerus
A: flexes and adducts shoulder
I: musculocutaneous n.
brachialis m.
O: anterior humerus
I: tuberosity of ulna
A: powerful elbow flexor
I: musculocutaneous n.
brachial a. –>
- gives off deep artery of the arm
- branches in cubital fossa (radial a. and ulnar a.)
cubital fossa borders
superior: epicondyles
medial: pronator teres
lateral: brachioradialis
floor: brachialis
roof: bicipital aponeurosis
cubital fossa contents
TAN (lateral to medial)
- biceps brachii tendon
- brachial a.
- median n.
radial n. lateral
brachial plexus levels
C5-T1
brachial plexus hierarchy
roots trunks divisions cords branches
anterior forearm compartment actions and innervation
A: flexors and pronators
I: median and ulnar nn.
posterior forearm compartment actions and innervation
A: extensors and supinators
I: radial n.
how many flexors of the forearm? how many layers?
8 muscles in 3 layers
which elbow flexors in the forearm compartment doesn’t cross the wrist?
pronator teres
how many mm. innervated by the ulnar n. in the forearm?
1 and a half
superficial layer of the flexors of the forearm (4)
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris (ULNAR N.)
pronator teres m.
O: coronoid process and medial epicondyle
I: anterior proximal radius
A: pronates and flexes elbow
I: median n.
flexor carpi radialis m. (FCR)
O: medial epicondyle
I: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
A: flexes and radial deviation
I: median n.
palmaris longus m.
O: medial epicondyle
I: palmar aponeurosis
A: flexes wrist
I: median n.
flexor carpi ulnaris m. (FCU)
O: medial epicondyle
I: pisiform and base of 5th met
A: flexes and ulnar deviation
I: ULNAR n.
intermediate layer of anterior forearm flexors (1)
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum superficialis m. (FDS)
O: humerus, ulna, radius
I: middle phalanges of 2-5
A: flexes PIP, MTP of 2-5 and wrist
I: median n.
deep layer of anterior forearm flexors (3)
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor polices longus
pronator quadratus
flexor digitorum profundus m. (FDP)
medial part:
- O: ulna
- I: base of distal phalanges 4-5
- I: ULNAR n.
lateral part:
- O: ulna
- I: base of distal 2-3 digits
- I: anterior interosseous (median n.)
A: assist with PIP, MCP, and weist
flexor polices longus m. (FPL)
O: anterior radius
I: distal phalanx of 1st digit
A: flexes thumb at IP joint, assists with MCP and wrist flexion
I: anterior interosseous (median n.)
pronator quadratus m.
O: distal ulna
I: radius
A: pronates forearm
I: anterior interosseous (median n.)
median n. pathway beyond elbow
- passes between 2 heads of pronator teres
- gives off anterior interosseous n.
- sits between FDS and FDP
- gives off palmar cutaneous branch proximal to flexor retinaculum
ulnar n. pathway beyond elbow
- passes between 2 heads of flexor carpi ulnaris m.
- sits between flexor carpi ulnaris and FDP
- gives off dorsal cutaneous branch in distal forearm
arteries of the flexors
brachial a. –> ulnar a. –> common interosseous –> anterior and posterior interosseous(–> recurrent interosseous)
brachial –> radial a.
elbow anastomosis (4 sets)
set 1: -superior ulnar collateral -posterior ulnar recurrent set 2: -inferior ulnar collateral -anterior ulnar recurrent set 3: -middle collateral -recurrent interosseous set 4: -radial collateral -radial recurrent
radial artery runs deep to which muscle in the forearm?
brachioradialis
what goes through the carpal tunnel?
FDS, FDP, FPL and median n.
how many forearm extensors are there?
12
all innervated by branches of the radial n.
brachioradialis m.
O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: near styloid process of radius
A: elbow flexion (neutral)
I: radial n.
superficial forearm extensors (5)
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
- extensor carpi ulnaris
deep forearm extensors (5)
- supinator
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- extensor polices longus
- extensor indices
extensor carpi radialis longus m.
O: lateral supracondylar ridge
I: base of 2nd met
A: extends and radially deviate wrist
I: radial n.
extensor carpi radialis brevis m.
O: lateral epicondyle
I: base of 3rd met
A: extends and radially deviate wrist
I: deep branch of radial n.
extensor digitorum m.
O: lateral epicondyle
I: middle and distal phalanx of digits 2-5
A: extends MCP and IP joints of 2-5
I: posterior interosseous n.
extensor digiti minimi m.
O: lateral epicondyle
I: extensor expansion of 5th digit
A: extends MCP and IP joints of 5th
I: posterior interosseous m.
extensor carpi ulnaris m.
O: lateral epicondyle
I: base of 5th met
A: extends and ulnar deviation
I: posterior interosseous
abductor pollicis longus m. (APL)
O: mid-posterior ulna and radius
I: base of 1st met
A: abducts thumb at CMC joint
I: posterior interosseous n.
extensor pollicis brevis m. (EPB)
O: distal-posterior radius
I: proximal phalanx of 1st digit
A: extends MCP and CMC of thumb
I: posterior interosseous n.
extensor pollicis longus m. (EPL)
O: mid-posterior ulna
I: distal phalanx of 1st digit
A: extends IP joint of thumb
I: posterior interosseous n.
supinator m.
O: lateral epicondyle and proximal ulna
I: anterior-lateral proximal radius
A: supinates forearm
I: deep branch of radial n.
extensor indices m.
O: distal-posterior ulna
I: extensor expansion of 2nd digit
A: extends 2nd digit
I: posterior interosseous n.
radial n. –>
- divides into deep and superfircial branches in cubital fossa
- deep branch pierces supinator and becomes posterior interosseous n.
anatomical snuff box borders
lateral: APL and EPB
medial: EPL
floor: scaphoid and trapezium
contents: radial a.
superificial branch of radial n. crosses over
women have ____ carrying angle than men
larger
radial collateral ligament
- lateral
- prevents varus force
ulnar collateral ligament
- medial (3 bands)
- prevent valgus force
annular ligament
- holds radius
- permits supination/pronation
superior brachial plexus injury –>
- waiters tip
- musculocutaneous n. deficits
inferior brachial plexus injury –>
- ulnar n. deficits
- claw hand
radial n. injury –>
wrist drop
carpal bones
scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate
colles fracture
distal radius fracture
palmaris brevis m.
aids in palmar grip
abductor pollicis brevis m.
O: scaphoid and trapezium
I: proximal 1st phalanx
I: recurrent branch of median n.
flexor pollicis brevis m.
O: scaphoid and trapezium
I: proximal 1st phalanx
superficial and deep heads
I: recurrent branch of median n.
opponent pollicis m.
O: scaphoid and trapezium
I: 1st met
I: recurrent branch of median n.
abductor digiti minimi m.
O: pisiform
I: proximal 5th phalanx
I: deep branch of ulnar n.
flexor digiti minimi brevis m.
O: hamate
I: proximal 5th phalanx
I: deep branch of ulnar n.
opponens digiti minimi m.
O: hamate
I: 5th metacarpal
I: deep branch of ulnar n.
adductor pollicis m.
O: 3rd met, base of 2nd/3rd met
I: base of proximal 1st phalanx
I: deep branch of ulnar n.
lumbrical m.
O: tendons of FDP
I: extensor expansions
A: flex MCP and extends IP joints
I: median n. (1-2) and deep branch of ulnar n. (3-4)
DAB/PAD
O: adjacent metacarpals
I: base of proximal phalanges
I: deep branch of ulnar n.
