Network Naming

Question 1

name resolution system/protocol used by all TCP/IP networks; uses UDP port 53 (and sometimes TCP port 53)

Answer 1

Domain Name System (DNS)

Question 2

developed by Microsoft in the 1980’s, this simple networking protocol used a naming convention (the first part) that used broadcasts for name resolution; this was performed by broadcasting a computer’s name and MAC address whenever it booted, while listening computers stored that information in a cache; if a name was missing, the broadcasting restarted

Answer 2

NetBIOS/NetBEUI

Question 3

networking protocol created by Microsoft so that it could continue to use NetBIOS names due to its installed base despite the world’s move to DNS; the new protocol runs NetBIOS on top of TCP/IP and drops NetBEUI; uses ports TCP 137 and 139 and UDP 137 and 138

Answer 3

NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT)

Question 4

protocol used by Microsoft on top of NetBT to take care of folder and file sharing on a network; it uses NetBIOS names to support the sharing and accessing process, though it is not dependent on them; uses TCP port 445 with NetBIOS, uses the same as NetBT when running atop NetBIOS over TCP/IP without using it

Answer 4

Server Message Block (SMB)

Question 5

a special text file stored on every TCP/IP computer on the Internet back when the total number of computers on the Internet was only a few hundred; this file contained a list of every computer’s IP address and name on the Internet; the file was updated every evening at 2:00 AM

Answer 5

hosts file

Question 6

the top-level DNS server, which is actually 13 powerful DNS clusters located around the world; the Internet name of this team of servers is “.”; they delegate name resolution to other DNS servers

Answer 6

DNS root servers (DNS root)

Question 7

the level of DNS servers under the DNS root, which handle TLD names; these servers delegate to hundred of thousands of second-level DNS servers

Answer 7

top-level domain servers

Question 8

names handled by the top-level domain servers, such as .com, .edu, .eu, etc.

Answer 8

top-level domain (TLD) names

Question 9

the imaginary tree structure of all possible names that could be used by a single system, in DNS

Answer 9

hierarchical name space

Question 10

an area of the DNS name space acting like a folder, housing subdomains or host names

Answer 10

DNS domain

Question 11

the complete DNS name of a device, with the host name and subdomains located on the left, leading eventually to the root on the far right; the root name is typically left off with spelling out this name

Answer 11

fully qualified domain name (FQDN)

Question 12

container for a single domain that gets filled with records

Answer 12

zone

Question 13

a line in a zone’s data that maps an FQDN to an IP address

Answer 13

record

Question 14

memory area that stores already-resolved IP addresses; modern hosts map the host file to this

Answer 14

DNS resolver cache

Question 15

DNS server that is only used for talking to other DNS servers to resolve IP addresses; never authoritative

Answer 15

cache-only DNS server

Question 16

record that is most common in DNS servers, for hosts with IPv4 addresses

Answer 16

A record

Question 17

record that defines the primary name server in a domain that is in charge of the forward lookup zone

Answer 17

Start of Authority (SOA) record

Question 18

record for any primary or secondary name server

Answer 18

NS record

Question 19

record for host aliases

Answer 19

canonical name (CNAME) record

Question 20

record for hosts with IPv6 addresses

Answer 20

AAAA record

Question 21

record used only by SMTP servers to determine where to send mail

Answer 21

MX record

Question 22

record used to support any type of server

Answer 22

SRV record

Question 23

record used anything; freeform; allows any text to be added to a forward lookup zone

Answer 23

TXT record

Question 24

DNS zone that allows a system to determine a FQDN by the IP address; adds a unique domain called “in-addr .arpa” to create it; used by mail and some security programs

Answer 24

reverse lookup zone

Question 25

record used in a reverse lookup zone

Answer 25

pointer record (PTR)

Question 26

group name for a group of computers controlled by a computer running a Windows Server OS

Answer 26

Windows domain

Question 27

super group name for an organization of computers sharing one or more Windows domains; here, another domain controller can take over another controller that fails

Answer 27

Active Directory domain

Question 28

the act of sending any DNS request for which a DNS server could not resolve to another DNS server

Answer 28

DNS forwarding

Question 29

a type of DNS server than is designed to handle all FQDN requests equally; they generally are faster at name resolution, don’t go down, and avoid the redirections of ISPs

Answer 29

public DNS servers

Question 30

option added to DHCP servers which would let DHCP clients know which DNS domain they belonged to

Answer 30

DNS Suffix

Question 31

protocol used by most modern DHCP and DNS servers, in which the DNS servers receive automatic updates of IP addresses for computers in the forward lookup zone, usually by talking to the local DHCP server

Answer 31

Dynamic DNS (DDNS)

Question 32

a specification used to implement DNSSEC; it has expanded several parameter sizes, but it still has backward compatibility with earlier DNS servers

Answer 32

extension mechanisms for DNS (EDNS)

Question 33

? System where a web server exists on a network, allowing someone to RDP in and control their home machine

Answer 33

Dynamic DNS on the Internet

Question 34

software provided by some companies to help with DNS and DHCP syncing; includes a DNS and DHCP server that work together to administer IP addresses

Answer 34

IP Address Management (IPAM)