Network Naming Flashcards
name resolution system/protocol used by all TCP/IP networks; uses UDP port 53 (and sometimes TCP port 53)
Domain Name System (DNS)
developed by Microsoft in the 1980’s, this simple networking protocol used a naming convention (the first part) that used broadcasts for name resolution; this was performed by broadcasting a computer’s name and MAC address whenever it booted, while listening computers stored that information in a cache; if a name was missing, the broadcasting restarted
NetBIOS/NetBEUI
networking protocol created by Microsoft so that it could continue to use NetBIOS names due to its installed base despite the world’s move to DNS; the new protocol runs NetBIOS on top of TCP/IP and drops NetBEUI; uses ports TCP 137 and 139 and UDP 137 and 138
NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT)
protocol used by Microsoft on top of NetBT to take care of folder and file sharing on a network; it uses NetBIOS names to support the sharing and accessing process, though it is not dependent on them; uses TCP port 445 with NetBIOS, uses the same as NetBT when running atop NetBIOS over TCP/IP without using it
Server Message Block (SMB)
a special text file stored on every TCP/IP computer on the Internet back when the total number of computers on the Internet was only a few hundred; this file contained a list of every computer’s IP address and name on the Internet; the file was updated every evening at 2:00 AM
hosts file
the top-level DNS server, which is actually 13 powerful DNS clusters located around the world; the Internet name of this team of servers is “.”; they delegate name resolution to other DNS servers
DNS root servers (DNS root)
the level of DNS servers under the DNS root, which handle TLD names; these servers delegate to hundred of thousands of second-level DNS servers
top-level domain servers
names handled by the top-level domain servers, such as .com, .edu, .eu, etc.
top-level domain (TLD) names
the imaginary tree structure of all possible names that could be used by a single system, in DNS
hierarchical name space
an area of the DNS name space acting like a folder, housing subdomains or host names
DNS domain
the complete DNS name of a device, with the host name and subdomains located on the left, leading eventually to the root on the far right; the root name is typically left off with spelling out this name
fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
container for a single domain that gets filled with records
zone
a line in a zone’s data that maps an FQDN to an IP address
record
memory area that stores already-resolved IP addresses; modern hosts map the host file to this
DNS resolver cache
DNS server that is only used for talking to other DNS servers to resolve IP addresses; never authoritative
cache-only DNS server
record that is most common in DNS servers, for hosts with IPv4 addresses
A record
record that defines the primary name server in a domain that is in charge of the forward lookup zone
Start of Authority (SOA) record
record for any primary or secondary name server
NS record
record for host aliases
canonical name (CNAME) record
record for hosts with IPv6 addresses
AAAA record
record used only by SMTP servers to determine where to send mail
MX record
record used to support any type of server
SRV record
record used anything; freeform; allows any text to be added to a forward lookup zone
TXT record
DNS zone that allows a system to determine a FQDN by the IP address; adds a unique domain called “in-addr .arpa” to create it; used by mail and some security programs
reverse lookup zone
record used in a reverse lookup zone
pointer record (PTR)
group name for a group of computers controlled by a computer running a Windows Server OS
Windows domain
super group name for an organization of computers sharing one or more Windows domains; here, another domain controller can take over another controller that fails
Active Directory domain
the act of sending any DNS request for which a DNS server could not resolve to another DNS server
DNS forwarding
a type of DNS server than is designed to handle all FQDN requests equally; they generally are faster at name resolution, don’t go down, and avoid the redirections of ISPs
public DNS servers
option added to DHCP servers which would let DHCP clients know which DNS domain they belonged to
DNS Suffix
protocol used by most modern DHCP and DNS servers, in which the DNS servers receive automatic updates of IP addresses for computers in the forward lookup zone, usually by talking to the local DHCP server
Dynamic DNS (DDNS)
a specification used to implement DNSSEC; it has expanded several parameter sizes, but it still has backward compatibility with earlier DNS servers
extension mechanisms for DNS (EDNS)
? System where a web server exists on a network, allowing someone to RDP in and control their home machine
Dynamic DNS on the Internet
software provided by some companies to help with DNS and DHCP syncing; includes a DNS and DHCP server that work together to administer IP addresses
IP Address Management (IPAM)
