Building a Read World Network Flashcards
special boxes at the end of a network run used to manage (and amplify) a much amplified signal; used with UTP to avoid the once-expensive costs of implementing fiber connections
copper line drivers/repeaters
connection that is usually a dedicated fiber line from the ISP to an office; used as opposed to remote options like SONET or MPLS
metro Ethernet
traditional phone systems that were replaced by TCP/IP-based communications
PBX
systems that combines many different network services into one, such as instant messaging, telephone services and video conferencing; relies heavily on RTP and SIP, but can also use H.323 and MGCP
Unified Communication (UC)
separate device that would connect VoIP network runs to the old-school PBX systems or directly to the telephone network if using VoIP PBX
VoIP gateway
cloud VoIP service that uses a computer’s microphone and speakers rather than a telephone headset
unified voice services
services like messaging and video conferencing that operate live (real time)
real-time services (RTS)
technologies that allow one to show that they are present for some form of communication
presence information services
multicast-based presentation where a host pushes out a presentation to a number of clients that cannot normally respond back via video
video teleconferencing (VTC)
presentation that enables bi-directional communication via unicast messaging
real-time video
dedicated box in a UC network that handles all UC services
UC server
edge device in a UC network that adds a few extra features/services, sometimes to an existing edge router; the router interfaces with the remote UC gateways and the PSTN systems and services
UC gateway
video presentation protocol
codec
protocol designed from the ground up to be a complete VoIP or video presentation controller and connection, taking over the work done by SIP and H.323; uses ports TCP 2427 and 2727
Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)
cloud service that uses SIP to connect remote PBX systems over the Internet
SIP trunking
virtual connections that make up the SIP trunking service
SIP trunk
a network of far-flung routers and servers that work to keep video conferencing services running smoothly without interruptions or jitters, doing so by providing sufficient bandwidth
medianet
special VTC over ISDN standard enabled, with aggressive compression, the rolling out of a number of VTC system over the world
H.320
underlying architecture that makes QoS work with VTC, features two pieces of data that go into every IP packet header (DSCP and ECN)
differentiated services (DiffServ)
one part of the differentiated services field at the front, consisting of 6 bits/classes of service
differentiated code point (DSCP)
one part of the differentiated services field at the back, consisting of 2 bits/classes of service?; these signal where a QoS-aware device has encountered congestion
explicit congestion notification (ECN)
a value one may apply to services, ports, or something else a QoS device might use; acts as a group
class of service (CoS)
the overall systems that monitors and controls machines today; consists of I/O functions on the machine, a controller, and an interface
industrial control system (ICS)
a system that monitor and controls machines, but in this case, there is one controller for each machine rather than one controller managing all of the machines; each local controller connects to the ICS server
distributed control system (DCS)
the centralized controller in a DCS that connects to each of the individual controllers; manages global changes
ICS server
control or computer that an operator uses to interact with the ICS server and controllers?; early ones were usually custom boxes with guages and switches; current ones are likely a PC with a touch-screen interface
human machine interface (HMI)
a computer that controls a machine according to a series of steps
programmable logic controller (PLC)
system that is a subset of ICS; similar to DCS, except it is designed for large-scale, distributed processes like power grids and must function with the idea that there may be a disconnection between remote devices and the central controls due to the distances between them
supervisory control and data acquisistion (SCADA)
devices that replace controllers in a SCADA system; they differ from controllers in that they must have some sort of autonomy in case of a lost connection with the central controller and is designed to take advantage of some sort of long distance communication like telephony, fiber optics, or cellular WAN
remote terminal units (RTUs)
a physical separation of a network from other networks
air gap
