Building a Read World Network

Question 1

special boxes at the end of a network run used to manage (and amplify) a much amplified signal; used with UTP to avoid the once-expensive costs of implementing fiber connections

Answer 1

copper line drivers/repeaters

Question 2

connection that is usually a dedicated fiber line from the ISP to an office; used as opposed to remote options like SONET or MPLS

Answer 2

metro Ethernet

Question 3

traditional phone systems that were replaced by TCP/IP-based communications

Answer 3

PBX

Question 4

systems that combines many different network services into one, such as instant messaging, telephone services and video conferencing; relies heavily on RTP and SIP, but can also use H.323 and MGCP

Answer 4

Unified Communication (UC)

Question 5

separate device that would connect VoIP network runs to the old-school PBX systems or directly to the telephone network if using VoIP PBX

Answer 5

VoIP gateway

Question 6

cloud VoIP service that uses a computer’s microphone and speakers rather than a telephone headset

Answer 6

unified voice services

Question 7

services like messaging and video conferencing that operate live (real time)

Answer 7

real-time services (RTS)

Question 8

technologies that allow one to show that they are present for some form of communication

Answer 8

presence information services

Question 9

multicast-based presentation where a host pushes out a presentation to a number of clients that cannot normally respond back via video

Answer 9

video teleconferencing (VTC)

Question 10

presentation that enables bi-directional communication via unicast messaging

Answer 10

real-time video

Question 11

dedicated box in a UC network that handles all UC services

Answer 11

UC server

Question 12

edge device in a UC network that adds a few extra features/services, sometimes to an existing edge router; the router interfaces with the remote UC gateways and the PSTN systems and services

Answer 12

UC gateway

Question 13

video presentation protocol

Answer 13

codec

Question 14

protocol designed from the ground up to be a complete VoIP or video presentation controller and connection, taking over the work done by SIP and H.323; uses ports TCP 2427 and 2727

Answer 14

Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)

Question 15

cloud service that uses SIP to connect remote PBX systems over the Internet

Answer 15

SIP trunking

Question 16

virtual connections that make up the SIP trunking service

Answer 16

SIP trunk

Question 17

a network of far-flung routers and servers that work to keep video conferencing services running smoothly without interruptions or jitters, doing so by providing sufficient bandwidth

Answer 17

medianet

Question 18

special VTC over ISDN standard enabled, with aggressive compression, the rolling out of a number of VTC system over the world

Answer 18

H.320

Question 19

underlying architecture that makes QoS work with VTC, features two pieces of data that go into every IP packet header (DSCP and ECN)

Answer 19

differentiated services (DiffServ)

Question 20

one part of the differentiated services field at the front, consisting of 6 bits/classes of service

Answer 20

differentiated code point (DSCP)

Question 21

one part of the differentiated services field at the back, consisting of 2 bits/classes of service?; these signal where a QoS-aware device has encountered congestion

Answer 21

explicit congestion notification (ECN)

Question 22

a value one may apply to services, ports, or something else a QoS device might use; acts as a group

Answer 22

class of service (CoS)

Question 23

the overall systems that monitors and controls machines today; consists of I/O functions on the machine, a controller, and an interface

Answer 23

industrial control system (ICS)

Question 24

a system that monitor and controls machines, but in this case, there is one controller for each machine rather than one controller managing all of the machines; each local controller connects to the ICS server

Answer 24

distributed control system (DCS)

Question 25

the centralized controller in a DCS that connects to each of the individual controllers; manages global changes

Answer 25

ICS server

Question 26

control or computer that an operator uses to interact with the ICS server and controllers?; early ones were usually custom boxes with guages and switches; current ones are likely a PC with a touch-screen interface

Answer 26

human machine interface (HMI)

Question 27

a computer that controls a machine according to a series of steps

Answer 27

programmable logic controller (PLC)

Question 28

system that is a subset of ICS; similar to DCS, except it is designed for large-scale, distributed processes like power grids and must function with the idea that there may be a disconnection between remote devices and the central controls due to the distances between them

Answer 28

supervisory control and data acquisistion (SCADA)

Question 29

devices that replace controllers in a SCADA system; they differ from controllers in that they must have some sort of autonomy in case of a lost connection with the central controller and is designed to take advantage of some sort of long distance communication like telephony, fiber optics, or cellular WAN

Answer 29

remote terminal units (RTUs)

Question 30

a physical separation of a network from other networks

Answer 30

air gap