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histology exam 1 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

A

central and peripheral

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2
Q

Two cell types of nervous tissue

A

neurons and glia cells

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3
Q

what stage are neurons arrested in?

A

G0

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4
Q

Functions of nervous tissue

A

-generate and carry out nerve impulses
-respond to stimuli
-communication and integration
-electrical insulation to nerve cells

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5
Q

Multi-polar neuron

A

most common
-several dendrites

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6
Q

bipolar neuron

A

single dendrite opposite axon

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7
Q

unipolar neuron

A

no dendrites on soma, axon only

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8
Q

pseudounipolar

A

single dendrite and axon fuse
-soma off to one side

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9
Q

What are the 3 categories of supporting cells in nervous tissue?

A

Neuroglia (CNS), Schwann cells (PNS), and satellite cells (ganglia)

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10
Q

What receive stimuli from other neurons or environment?

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

What send stimuli to other neurons or effector cells?

A

axons

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12
Q

Where do axons start?

A

Axon hillock

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13
Q

Where do axons end?

A

Terminal bouton

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14
Q

What is the movement of product down an axon?

A

Axonal transport

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15
Q

What is moved during slow axonal transport and how fast does it move?

A

cytoskeletal elements
1-5mm/day

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16
Q

What is moved during fast axonal transport and how fast does it move?

A

membrane bound organelles
400mm/day

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17
Q

What is anterograde transport?

A

Movement form cell body down axon
-uses kinesin

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18
Q

What is retrograde transport?

A

Movement from axon to cell body
-uses dynein

19
Q

What is the reversal of charge across the cell membrane?

A

Action potential

20
Q

Depolarization

A

slight change in membrane potential causes voltage gates sodium channels to open
-Na rushes in
-cell membrane becomes positively charged

21
Q

Repolarization

A

Voltage gated potassium channels open
-K rushes out
cell membrane is now negatively charged

22
Q

refractory/recovery period

A

time period in which sodium channel can not open again

23
Q

What is entrainment?

A

the more a pathway is used, the easier it is to access

24
Q

Where do neurons meet with muscles?

A

neuromuscular junction

25
Q

Space between the neuron and the target

A

synaptic cleft

26
Q

Neurotransmitter of sympathetic

A

norepinephrine

27
Q

Neurotransmitter of parasympathetic

A

acetylcholine

28
Q

What do the vesicles on post-synaptic membrane contain?

A

enzymes to break down NT to ensure there is no continuous stimulation (tetany)

29
Q

what surrounds individual neurons?

A

endoneurium

30
Q

What surrounds fascicles of neurons?

A

perineurium

31
Q

What surrounds nerve fibers?

A

epineurium

32
Q

What causes the waviness of neurons staining?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

33
Q

Somatic=

A

voluntary

34
Q

autonomic=

A

involuntary

35
Q

What do Schwann cells do?

A

Wrap around the axon of nerves
-provide insulation for nerve impulses
-allow for rapid, saltatory contraction

36
Q

Where does membrane depolarization occur?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

37
Q

Where are preganglionic cell bodies of CNS located?

A

gray matter of brain and spinal cord

38
Q

Where are post ganglionic cell bodies of CNS located?

A

In ganglia

39
Q

What are ganglia?

A

aggregates of post synaptic neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

40
Q

what surrounds each cell body?

A

satellite cells

41
Q

Where are sympathetic ganglia located?

A

parallel to vertebral column
-prevertebral: anterior to spine
-paravertebral: in sympathetic trunk

42
Q

Where are parasympathetic ganglia located?

A

in or near effector organ

43
Q
A

histology exam 1 (13 decks)

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