Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

histology exam 1 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main components of connective tissue?

A

cells, fibers, and ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are fibroblasts/fibrocytes?

A

cells that help to form fibers of connective tissue
(collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are fibroblasts that are able to contract called?

A

myofibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are reticular cells?

A

type of fibroblast that make reticular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are reticular cells found?

A

lymph nodes and bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the function of adipocytes?

A

storage and metabolism of lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are macrophages?

A

defensive cells of connective tissue
-made in bone marrow
-monocytes when they enter the tissue would become macrophages or dendritic cells
-phagocytosis
-specific defense mechanism
-antigen presenter to T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fibers in connective tissue

A

-collagen
-elastic
-reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics of collagen fibers:

A

-fibrous proteins
-secreted into extracellular
-tensile strength to matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Characteristics of elastic fibers:

A

long, thin fibers that form branching network in ECM
-help connective tissue stretch and recoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Characteristics of reticular fibers:

A

short. fine collagenous fibers that branch extensively to form a delicate network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the extracellular material of CT

A

ground substance
-many fibers are embedded in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many types of collagen are there?

A

At least 28

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Type I collagen

A

90% of collagen
-in loose and dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Type II collagen

A

collagen in hyaline (joints) and elastic cartilage (ears and nose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Type III collagen

A

seen in lymph nodes and bones
-reticulin fibers
-made by reticular cells
agyrphilic (stain black with silver stain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Type IV collagen

A

in the basement membrane
-dense, sheet like form of ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Type V collagen

A

in cornea, placenta, and dermo-epidermal junctions
-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Type VII collagen

A

special anchoring fibrils that link ECM to basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Steps of collagen synthesis

A

-first made as procollagen of three alpha chains that form a triple helix
-packed into secretory vesicles and secreted into ECS
-extracellular modification to form tropocollagen monomers
-polymerization of tropocollagen into collagen microfibrils
-several microfibrils combine to form larger collagen fibers to make up collagen bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Characteristics of elastic fibers:

A

highly branched, random coiling pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What makes elastic fibers?

A

fibroblasts

23
Q

What are elastic fibers first made as?

A

tropoelastin

24
Q

What are the two components of elastic fibers?

A

elastin and fibrillin

25
Q

What is elastin?

A

protein core similar to collagen

26
Q

What is fibrillin?

A

A structural glycoprotein

27
Q

Three types of non-filamentous molecules?

A

laminin, entactin, and tenascin

28
Q

What is laminin?

A

sulfate glycoprotein; major component of basement membrane

29
Q

What is entactin?

A

sulfated glycoprotein; bind with laminin

30
Q

What is tenascin?

A

bind with extracellular matrix; important in cell migration during the formation in developing nervous system

31
Q

What is Marfan’s syndrome?

A

autosomal dominant condition resulting in abnormal elastic fibers
-tall stature, long limbs, and long, thin fingers
-enlarged aorta

32
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Amorphous, transparent material with properties of semi-fluid gel

33
Q

What are GAGs?

A

negatively charged polysaccharides made of repeating disaccharide units present in every mammalian tissue
-most are sulfated
-most bind to proteins to make proteoglycans

34
Q

Characteristics of the sugars present in GAGs:

A

one is always an amino sugar

35
Q

Lysosomal storage disease can cause____

A

non-functional or insufficient break down of GAGs

36
Q

What are some types of GAGs?

A

-Hyalunronic acid
-Chondrotitin sulfate
-Keratan sulfate
-dermatan sulfate
-heparan sulfate

37
Q

Where is hyaluronic acid found?

A

connective tissue

38
Q

Where is chondroitin sulfate found?

A

cartilage and bone

39
Q

Where is keratan sulfate found?

A

cartilage, bone, cornea, and intervertebral disk

40
Q

Where is dermatan sulfate found?

A

dermis, skin, blood vessels, and heart valves

41
Q

Where is heparan sulfate found?

A

basement membrane, lung, and liver

42
Q

Characteristics of GAGs:

A

-negatively charged due to sulfate and carboxyl side group
-incompressibility of water providers tugor pressure
-reinforced with fibrous proteins

43
Q

Characteristics of hyaluronic acid:

A

-predominant GAG in loose connective tissue
-no sulfated groups
-do not form proteoglycans itself, just bind with them
-bacteria produce hyaluronidase to break down hyaluronic acid

44
Q

Characteristics of loose connective tissue:

A

-sparse fibers and abundant ground substance
-viscous, gel-like consistency
-supportive function
-beneath epithelia and around nerves and vessels

45
Q

Characteristics of dense connective tissue:

A

-provide structural support
-abundant fibers, moderate number of cells, less ground substance

46
Q

Two types of dense connective tissue:

A

Regular and irregular

47
Q

Regular connective tissue:

A

collagen fibers oriented parallel to each other

48
Q

irregular connective tissue:

A

collagen fibers oriented randomly

49
Q

Types of specialized connective tissue

A

bone, blood, cartilage, adipose tissue, hematopoietic tissue, and lymphatic tissue

50
Q

Characteristics of adipose tissue:

A

contain adipocytes
-derived from lipoblasts
-very active, has rich blood supply
-energy storage, thermoregulation, and as shock absorber

51
Q

White fat

A

in dermis and around intraperitoneal organs
-up to 20% in males and 25% in females

52
Q

Brown fat

A

highly specialized, present in infants and hibernating animals
-thermoregulation
-located around adrenals
-large number of mitochondrias

53
Q
A

histology exam 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions