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Med Terms Connor > Nervous System: Symptomatic & Diagnostic Terms > Flashcards

Nervous System: Symptomatic & Diagnostic Terms Flashcards

1
Q

condition without speech; impairment due to localized brain injury that affects understanding, retrieving, and formulating meaningful and sequential elements of language

A

aphasia

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2
Q

condition of difficult articulation; group of related speech impairments that may affect the speed, range, direction, strength, and timing of motor movement as a result of paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of speech muscles

A

dysarthria

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3
Q

difficulty speaking

A

dysphasia

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4
Q

general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness; a common method of assessment is the Glasgow coma scale

A

coma

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5
Q

state of mental confusion due to disturbances in cerebral function- there are many causes, including fever, shock, or drug overdose

A

delirium

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6
Q

impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion

A

dementia

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7
Q

loss of impairment of muscle function

A

motor deficit

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8
Q

loss or impairment of sensation

A

sensory deficit

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9
Q

pain along the course of a nerve

A

neuralgia

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10
Q

temporary or permanent loss of motor control

A

paralysis

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11
Q

defective or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion

A

flaccid paralysis

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12
Q

stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder

A

spastic paralysis

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13
Q

partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

A

hemiparesis

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14
Q

pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots

A

sciatica

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15
Q

sudden, transient disturbance in brain function resulting from abnormal firing of nerve impulses, with or without convulsion

A

seizure

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16
Q

to pull together; type of seizure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles

A

convulsion

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17
Q

fainting

A

syncope

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18
Q

evoking a response by touching

A

tactile stimulation

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19
Q

increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain

A

hyperesthesia

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20
Q

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause

A

paresthesia

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21
Q

any of many types of loss of neurological function associated with interpretation of sensory information

A

agnosia

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22
Q

inability to judge the form of an object by touch

A

astereognosis

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23
Q

inability to locate a sensation properly, such as to locate a point touched on the body

A

atopognosis

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24
Q

disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions, total disability, and death

A

Alzheimer disease

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25
Q
  • amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AKA Lou Gehrig disease
  • a condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control; symptoms advance from muscle weakness in the arms, legs, muscles of speech, swallowing, and breathing to total paralysis and death
A

ALS

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26
Q
  • CP
  • condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth, characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination
A

cerebral palsy

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27
Q

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain

A

cerebrovascular disease

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28
Q

hardening of the arteries in the brain

A

cerebral arteriosclerosis

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29
Q

condition of lipid buildup within the blood vessels of the brain

A

cerebral atherosclerosis

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30
Q

dilation of a blood vessel in the brain

A

cerebral aneurysm

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31
Q

presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain

A

cerebral thrombosis

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32
Q

obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported through the circulation

A

cerebral embolism

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33
Q

CVA

A
  • cerebrovascular accident stroke
  • damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease i.e. occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus or thrombus or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm
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34
Q

TIA

A
  • transient ischemic attack
  • brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurological deficits, often precedes a CVA
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35
Q

ischemia of the anterior circulation of the brain

A

carotid TIA

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36
Q

ischemia of the posterior circulation of the brain

A

vertebrobasilar TIA

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37
Q

inflammation of the brain

A

encephalitis

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38
Q

disorder affecting the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures

A

epilepsy

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39
Q

stiffening-jerking: a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups- previously termed grand mal seizure

A

tonic-clonic

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40
Q

seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement- previously termed little mal

A

absence

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41
Q

seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms

A

partial

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42
Q

tumor of glial cells graded by degree of malignancy

A

glioma

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43
Q

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression of the nerve root

A

herniated disk

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44
Q

viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves, usually unilaterally, aka shingles

A

herpes zoster

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45
Q

hereditary disease of the central nervous system

A

Huntington disease (HD)

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46
Q

characterized by bizarre involuntary body movements and progressive dementia

A

Huntington chorea

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47
Q

aka hydrocephaly
-abnormal accumulation cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor

A

hydrocephalus

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48
Q

benign tumor of the coverings of the brain

A

meningioma

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49
Q

inflammation of the meninges

A

meningitis

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50
Q

paroxysmal attacks of mostly unilateral headache often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, and/or vomiting, lasting hours or days caused by inflammation of arteries

A

migraine headache

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51
Q
  • multiple sclerosis
  • disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination of nerve fibers with episodes of neurological dysfunction followed by recovery
A

MS

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52
Q

autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction causing a progressive decrease muscle strength with activity and a return of strength after a period of rest

A

myasthenia gravis

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53
Q

inflammation of the spinal cord

A

myelitis

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54
Q

sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis, and dreams intruding while awake

A

narcolepsy

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55
Q

condition of slowly progressive degeneration of an area of the brainstem resulting in a decrease in dopamine ; characterized by tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow movements, usually occurring later in life

A

Parkinson disease

56
Q

paralysis

A

plegia

57
Q

paralysis on one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

58
Q

paralysis from the waist down

A

paraplegia

59
Q

paralysis of all four limbs

A

quadriplegia

60
Q

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

A

poliomyelitis

61
Q

inflammation involving two or more nerves, often owing to a nutritional deficiency, such as a lack of thiamine

A

polyneuritis

62
Q

condition of abnormal function of the sympathetic nervous system in response to pain perception, usually as a result of an injury to an extremity; symptoms include persistent burning pain, edema, joint tenderness, changes in skin color and temperature, and abnormal sweating at the pain site- decreased mobility caused by pain can lead to muscle atrophy and loss of motor function

A

reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)

63
Q

periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

A

sleep apnea

64
Q

congenital defect in the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of spinal membranes or tissue

A

spina bifida

65
Q
  • electroencephalogram
  • record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain used to identify neurological conditions that affect brain function and level of consciousness
A

EEG

66
Q

record of minute electrical potentials that are extracted from ongoing EEG activity to diagnose auditory, visual, and sensory pathway disorders- also used to monitor the neurological function of patients during surgery

A

evoked potentials

67
Q

electrical shock of peripheral nerves to record time of conduction; used to diagnose various peripheral nervous system diseases

A

nerve conduction velocity (NCV)

68
Q

recording of various aspects of sleep to diagnose sleep disorders

A

polysomnography (PSG)

69
Q

introduction of specialized needle into the spine in the lumbar region for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose, such as to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for testing; aka spinal tap

A

lumbar puncture (LP)

70
Q
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • nonionizing imaging technique using magnetic fields and radio frequency waves to visualize anatomical structures, such as the tissues of the brain and spinal cord
A

MRI

71
Q

use of magnetic resonance in imaging of the blood vessels- useful in detecting pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis

A

magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

72
Q

magnetic resonance image of the head to visualize the vessels of the vessels of the circle of willis

A

intracranial MRA

73
Q

magnetic resonance image of the neck to visualize the carotid artery

A

extracranial MRA

74
Q

radionuclide organ imagin

A

nuclear medicine imaging

75
Q
  • single photon emission computed tomography
  • scan combining nuclear medicine and computed tomography technology to produce images of the brain after administration of the radioactive isotopes
A

SPECT brain scan

76
Q

technique combining medicine and computed tomography technology to produce images of brain anatomy and corresponding physiology- used to study stroke, it provides greater accuracy than SPECT but is used less often because of the cost and limited availability of the radioisotopes

A

positron emission tomography (PET)

77
Q

x-ray imaging

A

radiography

78
Q

x-ray of blood vessels in the brain after intracarotid injection of contrast medium

A

cerebral angiogram

79
Q

computed tomographic x-ray images of the head used to visualize abnormalities within

A

computed tomography

80
Q

x-ray of the spinal cord made after intraspinal injection of contrast medium

A

myelogram

81
Q

test performed to observe the body’s response to a stimulus

A

reflex testing

82
Q

DTR

A
  • deep tendon reflexes

- involuntary muscle contractions after percussion at a tendon, indicates function

83
Q

pathological response to stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot ; a positive sign is indicated when the toes dorsiflex

A

babinski sign or reflex

84
Q

image made by sending ultrasound beams through the skull to assess blood flow in intracranial vessels- used in diagnosis and management of stroke and head trauma

A

transcranial sonogram

85
Q

excision of part of the skull to approach the brain

A

craniectomy

86
Q

incision into the skull to approach the brain

A

craniotomy

87
Q

removal of a herniated disk often done percutaneously

A

diskectomy

88
Q

excision of one or more laminae of the vertebrae to approach the spinal cord

A

laminectomy

89
Q

flattened posterior portion of the vertebral arch

A

vertebral lamina

90
Q

utilization of a microscope to dissect minute structures during surgery

A

microsurgery

91
Q

diagnosis and treatment of disorders within cerebral blood vessels performed in a specialized angiographic laboratory by interventional neuroradiologists; common procedures include:

  • cerebral angioplasty and stent
  • embolization
A

neuroendovascular surgery

92
Q

surgical repair of a nerve

A

neuroplasty

93
Q

spinal fusion

A

spondylosyndesis

94
Q

emotional feeling or mood

A

affect

95
Q

significantly dulled emotional tone or outward reaction

A

flat affect

96
Q

lack of interest or display of emotion

A

apathy

97
Q

state of unresponsiveness to one’s outside environment, usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability to communicate

A

catatonia

98
Q

persistent belief that has no basis in reality

A

delusion

99
Q

person’s false belief that he or she possesses great wealth, intelligence, or power

A

grandiose delusion

100
Q

persons’s false belief that someone is plotting against him or her with intent to harm

A

persecutory delusion

101
Q

restless, dissatisfied mood

A

dysphoria

102
Q

exaggerated, unfounded feeling of well-being

A

euphoria

103
Q

false perception of the senses for which there is no reality, most commonly hearing or seeing things

A

hallucination

104
Q

formation of thoughts or ideas

A

ideation

105
Q

state of abnormal elation and increased activity

A

mania

106
Q

psychological condition in which anxiety is prominent

A

neurosis

107
Q

mental condition characterized by distortion of reality, resulting in the inability to communicate or function with one’s environment

A

psychosis

108
Q

thought that lacks clear processing or logical direction

A

thought disorder

109
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

110
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

111
Q
  • aka major depressive illness, clinical depression major affective disorder, unipolar disorder
  • disorder causing periodic disturbances in mood that affect concentration, sleep, activity, appetite, and social behavior characterized by feelings of worthlessness, fatigue and loss of interest
A

major depression

112
Q

milder affective disorder characterized by a chronic depression persisting for at least 2 years

A

dysthmia

113
Q

affective disorder characterized by mood swings of mania and depression (extreme ups and downs)

A

manic depression bipolar disorder (BD)

114
Q

affective disorders marked by episodes of depression that most often occur during the fall and winter and remit in the spring

A

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

115
Q

most common anxiety disorder, characterized by chronic, excessive, and uncontrollable worry about everyday problems that affects the ability to relax or concentrate but does not usually interfere with social interactions or employment; physical symptoms include muscle tension, trembling, twitching, fatigue, headaches, nausea, and insomnia- symptoms must exist for atleast 6 months before a diagnosis can be made

A

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

116
Q

disorder of sudden, recurrent attacks of intense feelings including physical symptoms that mimic a heart attack such as rapid heart rate, chest pain, shortness of breath, chills, sweating, and dizziness, with a general sense of loss of control or feeling that death is imminent; often progresses to agoraphobia

A

panic disorder (PD)

117
Q

exaggerated fear of a specific object or circumstance, such as agoraphobia, claustrophobia, or acrophobia

A

phobia

118
Q

PTSD

A
  • posttraumatic stress disorder
  • condition resulting from an extremely traumatic experience, illness, or injury that leaves the sufferer with persistent thoughts and memories of the ordeal; symptoms include feelings of fear, detachment, exaggerated startle response, restlessness, nightmare, and avoidance of anything or anyone who triggers the painful recollections
119
Q

OCD

A
  • obsessive compulsive disorder
  • anxiety disorder featuring unwanted, senseless obsessions accompanied by repeated compulsions, which can interfere with all aspect’s of a person’s daily life
120
Q

preoccupation with thoughts of disease and concern that one is suffering from a serious condition that persists despite medical reassurance of the contrary

A

hypochondriasis

121
Q

developmental disability that commonly appearing during the first 3 years of life, resulting from a neurological disorder affecting brain function, evidence by difficulties with vertebral and non vertebral communication, and an inability to relate to anything beyond oneself in social interactions; individuals with autism often exhibit body movements such as rocking, repetitive hand movements, and commonly become preoccupied with observing small objects or moving parts or performing meaningless rituals

A

autism

122
Q

developmental disability characterized by a difficulty understanding written or spoken words, sentences, or paragraphs, affecting reading, spelling, and self-expression

A

dyslexia

123
Q

ADHD

A
  • attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • dysfunction characterized by consistent hyper activity, distractibility, and lack of control over impulses, which interferes with the ability to function normally at school, home, or work; specific criteria must be met for diagnosis
124
Q

condition of subaverage intelligence characterized by an IQ of 70 or below, resulting in the inability to adapt to normal social activities

A

mental retardation

125
Q

severe disturbance in eating behavior caused by abnormal perceptions about one’s body weight, evidenced by an overwhelming fear of becoming fat that results in refusal to eat and body weight well below normal

A

anorexia nervosa

126
Q

eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by efforts to limit digestion through induced vomiting, use of laxatives, or excessive exercise

A

bulimia nervosa

127
Q

mental disorders resulting from abuse of substances such as drugs, alcohol, or other toxins causing personal and social dysfunction; identified by the abused substance, such as alcohol abuse, amphetamine abuse, opioid abuse, or polysubstance abuse

A

substance abuse disorders

128
Q
  • disease of brain chemistry causing a distorted cognitive and emotional perception of one’s environment characterized by a broad range of “positive” and “negative” symptoms
  • positive symptoms: distortions of normal function i.e delusions, hallucinations, catatonic behavior, etc.)
  • negative symptoms: (normal reactions that are lacking in those with schizophrenia) flat affect, apathy, and withdrawal from reality
A

schizophrenia

129
Q

featuring disorganized speech, behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect

A

disorganized schizophrenia

130
Q

featuring catatonia (immobile or unresponsive stupor)

A

catatonic schizophrenia

131
Q

featuring delusions, most often persecutory or grandiose types

A

paranoid schizophrenia

132
Q

concurrent with major depression or manic depression

A

schizoaffective disorder

133
Q

ECT

A
  • electroconvulsive therapy

- electrical shock therapy applied to the brain to induce convulsions; used to treat severely depressed patients

134
Q

use of specialized illuminating light boxes and visors to treat season affective disorder

A

light therapy

135
Q

treatment of psychiatric disorders using verbal and nonverbal interaction with patients, individually or in a group, employing specific actions and techniques

A

psychotherapy

136
Q

treatment to decrease or stop unwanted behavior

A

behavioral therapy

137
Q

treatment to change unwanted patterns of thinking

A

cognitive therapy

Med Terms Connor (33 decks)

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