Blood and Lymph: Symptomatic & Diagnostic Terms Flashcards
the presence of small red blood cells
microcytosis
the presence of large red blood cells
macrocytosis
the presence of red blood cells of unequal size
anisocytosis
the presence of large, irregularly shaped blood cells
poikilocytosis
an increase in the number of immature erythrocytes in the blood
reticulocytosis
an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
erythropenia
an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes
lymphocytopenia
a decrease in the number of neutrophils
neutropenia
an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood
pancytopenia
breakdown of the red blood cell membrane
hemolysis
impaired immunological defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or therapy with immunosuppressive agents
immunocompromised
impaired ability to provide an immune response
immunosuppression
the presence of enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy
enlargement of the spleen
splenomegaly
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- a syndrome caused by HIV(human immunodeficiency virus that renders immune cells ineffective permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases to develop; it is transmitted sexually or through exposure to contaminated blood
AIDS
a condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of the red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues
anemia
a normocytic normchromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of the marrow to produce red blood cells
aplastic anemia
a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron affecting the production of hemoglobin and characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin
iron deficiency anemia
a macrocytic-normchromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number
pernicious anemia
any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function; rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are examples of autoimmune diseases
autoimmune disease
a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor and a mother who is Rh-negative, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus
erythroblastosis fetalis
the presence or lack of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and the fetus, resulting in fetal anemia
Rh factor
the presence of antigens
Rh positive
the absence of antigens
Rh negative
a hereditary disorder that results in excessive build up of iron deposits in the body
hemochromatosis
a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in the clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
hemophilia
a chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, marked by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow; classified according to the types of white cells affected
leukemia
a disorder within the bone marrow characterized by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells; usually develops in a specific type of leukemia
myelodysplasia
any neoplastic disorder of the lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin’s disease
lymphoma
the process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to distant organs
metastasis
a condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) in the blood, along with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis)
mononucleosis
an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
polycythemia
a systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the circulating blood
septicemia
a bleeding disorder characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, which impairs the clotting process
thrombocytopenia
CBC
- complete blood count
- the most common laboratory blood test performed as a screen for general health or for diagnostic purposes; includes RBC, WBC, HGB, and Hct
RBC
- red blood count
- a count of the number of red blood cells per cubic mm obtained by a manual or automated laboratory method
WBC
- white blood count
- the number of white blood cells per cubic mm obtained by manual or automated laboratory methods
HGB
a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin
HCT
- hematocrit
- a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood
PLT
- platelet count
- a calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood: normal ranges from 150,000-450,000/cubic mm
ESR
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- a timed test to measure the rate at which red blood cells settle or fall through a given volume of plasma
PTT
-partial thromboplastin time
-a test to determine coagulation defects such as platelet disorders
(thromboplastin=a substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation)
PT
- prothrombin time
- a test to measure the activity of prothrombin, a protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process, in the blood
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
PMN
- polymorphonuclear leukocyte
- another term for neutrophil, named for many segments present in the nucleus
CT
- computed tomography
- full body X-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers such as lymphoma
CO2
carbon dioxide
Fe
iron
BUN
-blood urea nitrogen
