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Med Terms Connor > Cardiovascular: Symptomatic and Diagnostic Terms > Flashcards

Cardiovascular: Symptomatic and Diagnostic Terms Flashcards

1
Q

thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification (hardening) of the arterial walls

A

arteriosclerosis

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2
Q

buildup of fatty substances within the walls of arteries

A

atherosclerosis

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3
Q

a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat

A

atheromatous plaque

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4
Q

a stationary blood clot

A

thrombus

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5
Q

a clot (air, fat, foreign object) carried in the bloodstream that obstructs when it lodges

A

embolus

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6
Q

condition of narrowing of a part

A

stenosis

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7
Q

compression of a part

A

constriction

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8
Q

plugging; obstruction or a closing off

A

occlusion

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9
Q

to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel

A

ischemia

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10
Q

lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, etc.

A

perfusion deficit

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11
Q

to stuff; a localized area of necrosis caused by ischemia as a result of occlusion of a blood vessel

A

infarct

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12
Q

chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries `

A

angina pectoris

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13
Q

a widening; bulging of the wall of the heart , the aorta, or an artery caused by congenital defect or acquired weakness

A

aneurysm

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14
Q

a sac-like bulge on one side

A

saccular aneurysm

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15
Q

a spindle-shaped bulge

A

fusiform aneurysm

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16
Q

a split or tear of the vessel wall

A

dissecting aneurysm

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17
Q

to limp; pain in a limb while walking that subsides after rest; it is caused by inadequate blood supply

A

claudication

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18
Q

profuse sweating

A

diaphoresis

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19
Q

an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves

A

heart murmur

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20
Q

subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats

A

palpitation

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21
Q

to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally a result of an infection such as bacterial endocarditis

A

vegetation

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22
Q

any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

A

arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

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23
Q

slow heart rate

A

bradycardia

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24
Q

chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation

A

fibrillation

25
Q

extremely rapid but regular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular flutter

A

flutter

26
Q

an interference with the normal electrical conduction of the heart defined by the location of the block, i.e. AV block

A

heart block

27
Q

PVC

A
  • premature ventricular contraction

- a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node

28
Q

fast heart rate >100beats/minute

A

tachycardia

29
Q

ASHD

A

-arteriosclerotic heart disease -a degenerative condition of the arteries characterized by thickening of the inner lining loss of elasticity, and susceptibility to rupture- seen most often in the aged or smokers

30
Q

narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body

A

coarctation of the aorta

31
Q

PDA

A
  • patent ductus arteriosus
  • an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth
32
Q

an anomaly that consists of four defects: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy0 causes blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation so that deoxygenated blood goes into the systemic circulation, resulting in cyanosis

A

tetralogy of Fallot

33
Q

VSD

A
  • ventricular septal defect

- an opening in the septum separating the ventricles

34
Q

CHF

A

-congestive heart failure, aka left ventricular failure -failure of the left ventricle to pump and adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a “bottleneck” of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in the lower portions of the body

35
Q

a condition of enlargement of the right ventricle as a result of chronic disease within the lungs that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs

A

cor pulmonale/right ventricular failure

36
Q

CAD

A
  • coronary artery disease
  • a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium-most often caused by atherosclerosis
37
Q

HTN

A
  • hypertension

- persistently high blood pressure

38
Q

high blood pressure attributed to no single cause, but risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors

A

essential (primary) hypertension

39
Q

high blood pressure caused by the affects of another disease (ie. kidney disease)

A

secondary hypertension

40
Q

MVP

A
  • mitral valve prolapse
  • protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and back flow of blood
41
Q

MI

A
  • myocardial infarction
  • heart attack; death of myocardial tissue owing to loss of blood flow as a result of an occlusion of a coronary artery- usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in chest or upper body, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea
42
Q

inflammation of the myocardium most often caused by viral or bacterial infection

A

myocarditis

43
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

pericarditis

44
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

45
Q

damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever

A

rheumatic heart disease

46
Q

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation

A

thrombophlebitis

47
Q

abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves, most often seen in the legs

A

varicose veins

48
Q

DVT

A

-deep vein thrombosis, formation of a clots in a deep vein in the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins

49
Q

EKG/ECG

A

electrocardiogram
- an electrical picture of the heart represented by positive and negative deflections on a graph labeled with letters P,Q,R,S,T corresponding with events of the cardiac cycle

50
Q

MRA

A
  • magnetic resonance angiography

- magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and blood vessels for evaluation of pathology

51
Q

PET scan for the heart

A
  • positron emission tomography scan of the heart
  • use of nuclear isotopes and computed tomography techniques to produce perfusion images and study the cellular metabolism of the heart; can be taken at rest or with stress
52
Q

CABG

A
  • coronary artery bypass
  • grafting of a portion of a blood vessel retrieved from another part of the body to bypass an occluded coronary artery, restoring circulation to myocardial tissue; the traditional method includes temporary arrest of the heart with circulation of the patient’s blood through a heart-lung machine during the procedure- an alternative off-pump approach uses a stabilizer to perform the procedure
53
Q

PTCA

A
  • percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
  • a method of treating the narrowing of a coronary artery by inserting a specialized catheter with a balloon attachment, then inflating it to dilate and open the narrowed portion of the vessel and restore blood flow to the myocardium; most often includes placement of a stent
54
Q

NSR

A
  • normal sinus rhythm

- regular rhythm of the heart cycle stimulated by the SA node

55
Q

ASHD

A
  • arteriosclerotic heart disease
  • a degenerative condition of the arteries characterized by thickening of the inner lining loss of elasticity, and susceptibility to rupture- seen most often in the aged or smokers
56
Q

a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves

A

bacterial endocarditis

57
Q

compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart

A

cardiac tamponade

58
Q

a general term for disease of the heart muscle (e.g. alcoholic cardiomyopathy=damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive drinking)

A

cardiomyopathy

59
Q

malformations of the heart present at birth

A

congenital anomaly of the heart

Med Terms Connor (33 decks)

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