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Med Terms Connor > Endocrine: Symptomatic & Diagnostic Terms > Flashcards

Endocrine: Symptomatic & Diagnostic Terms Flashcards

1
Q

protrusion of one or both eyeballs, often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball

A

exophthalmos/us

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2
Q

glucose (sugar) in the urine

A

glucosuria/glycosuria

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3
Q

shaggy; an excessive growth of hair especially in unusual places

A

hirsutism

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4
Q

an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood

A

hypercalcemia

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5
Q

high blood sugar

A

hyperglycemia

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6
Q

low blood sugar

A

hypoglycemia

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7
Q

an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood

A

hyperkalemia

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8
Q

deficient level of potassium in the blood

A

hypokalemia

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9
Q

excessive level of sodium ions in the blood

A

hypernatremia

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10
Q

low level of sodium ions in the blood

A

hyponatremia

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11
Q

abnormally increased secretion

A

hypersecretion

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12
Q

abnormally decreased secretion

A

hyposecretion

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13
Q
  • aka ketoacidosis
  • presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and a acetoacetic acid) in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbs as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
A

ketosis

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14
Q

all chemical processes in the body that result in growth, energy production, elimination of waste, and other body functions

A

metabolism

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15
Q

excessive thirst

A

polydipsia

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16
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria

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17
Q

collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone from any cause, such as a result of excessive production by the adrenal gland (often caused by a tumor), or more commonly as a side effect of a treatment with glucocorticoid hormones such as prednisone for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or other inflammatory diseases; symptoms include upper body obesity, facial puffiness, hyperglycemia, weakness, thin and easy bruised skin with stria (stretch marks), hypertension, and osteoporosis

A

Cushing syndrome

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18
Q

excessive output of the adrenal secretion of androgen in adult women owing to tumor or hyperplasia (increased number of cells and tissue); evidenced by amenorrhea, acne, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice

A

adrenal virilism

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19
Q

DM

A
  • diabetes mellitus
  • metabolic disorder caused by an abnormal utilization of insulin secreted by the pancreas; evidenced by hyperglycemia and glucosuria
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20
Q

DKA

A
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
  • presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and a acetoacetic acid) in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbs as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation
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21
Q

hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose

A

insulin

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22
Q

diabetes in which there is no beta cell production of insulin- the patient is dependent on insulin for survival

A

type 1 diabetes mellitus

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23
Q

diabetes in which the body produces insulin, but not enough, or there is insulin resistance- the patient is not usually dependent on insulin for survival

A

type 2 diabetes mellitus

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24
Q

condition resulting from an excessive amount of insulin in the blood that draws sugar out of the bloodstream, resulting in hypoglycemia, fainting, and convulsions; often caused by an overdose of insulin or by a tumor of the pancreas

A

hyperinsulinism

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25
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

26
Q

hyper secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland, usually caused by a tumor

A

acromegaly

27
Q

condition of abnormal increase in urine output most commonly caused by an inadequate secretion of pituitary antidiuretic hormone; symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia; urine appears colorless due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine

A

diabetes insipidus

28
Q

condition of congenital hypo secretion of growth hormone slowing growth and causing a short yet proportionate stature, often treated during childhood with growth hormone

A

pituitary dwarfism

29
Q

enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation

A

goiter

30
Q
  • aka Graves disease, thyrotoxicosis

- condition of hyper secretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia, tachycardia, goiter, and tumor

A

hyperthyroidism

31
Q

condition of hypo secretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and often obesity

A

hypothyroidism

32
Q

advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin

A

myxedema

33
Q

condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed

A

cretinism

34
Q

measurement of the level of sugar in the blood

A

blood sugar (BS)

35
Q
  • fasting blood sugar

- measurement of blood sugar level a fast of 12 hours

A

FBS

36
Q

measurement of blood sugar level after a meal, commonly after 2 hours

A

postprandial blood sugar (PPBS)

37
Q

measurement of the body’s ability to metabolize carbs by administering a prescribed amount of glucose after a fasting period, then measuring blood and urine for glucose levels every hour thereafter- usually 4-6 hours

A

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

38
Q

molecule in a hemoglobin that rises in the blood as a result of an increased level of blood sugar; it is a common blood test used in diagnosing and treating diabetes, also known as glycosylate hemoglobin (HbA1c)

A

glycohemoglobin

39
Q

measurement of the level of specific ions (Na, K, CO2, and Cl) in the blood; electrolyte balance is essential for normal metabolism

A

electrolytes

40
Q

measurement of thyroid hormone levels in the blood plasma to determine efficiency of glandular secretions, including T3, T4, and TSH

A

thyroid function study

41
Q

chemical tests to determine the presence of sugar or ketone bodies in the urine; used as a screen for diabetes

A

urine sugar and ketone studies

42
Q

CT of the head is used to obtain a transverse view of the pituitary gland

A

computed tomography (CT)

43
Q

nonionizing images of magnetic resonance are useful in identifying abnormalities of pituitary, pancreas, adrenal, and thyroid glands

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

44
Q

sonographic images are used to identify endocrine pathology, such as thyroid ultrasound

A

sonography

45
Q

nuclear image involving scan of the thyroid to visualize the radioactive accumulation of previously ingested isotopes to detect thyroid nodules or tumors

A

thyroid uptake and image

46
Q

excision of the adrenal gland

A

adrenalectomy

47
Q

excision of the pituitary gland

A

hypophysectomy

48
Q

excision of the pancreas

A

pancreatectomy

49
Q

excision of the parathyroid gland

A

parathyroidectomy

50
Q

excision of the thymus gland

A

thymectomy

51
Q

excision of the thyroid gland

A

thyroidectomy

52
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

-stimulates secretion from thyroid gland

53
Q

PTH

A
  • parathyroid hormone

- regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism

54
Q

LH

A
  • luteinizing hormone

- causes ovulation; stimulates the secretion of progesterone by corpus lute; causes secretion of testosterone in testes

55
Q

FSH

A
  • follicle-stimulating hormone

- initiates growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and sperm production in males

56
Q

GH

A
  • growth hormone

- influences growth

57
Q

ACTH

A
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone

- stimulates secretion of the adrenal cortex

58
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

59
Q

hyper secretion of the parathyroid gland, usually caused by a tumor

A

hyperparathyroidism

60
Q

hypo secretion of the parathyroid glands

A

hypoparathyroidism

Med Terms Connor (33 decks)

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