Nervous System Drills (Multiple Choice) Flashcards
The term central nervous system refers to the ___.
Brain and spinal cord
Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are _____.
Somatic sensory
Which neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
Oligodendrocytes
The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the ____.
Axon
The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called _____.
Dendrites
Collections of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS are called _____.
Nuclei
The major role of the interneuron is to ____.
Connect motor and sensory neurons in their
pathways
Neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons, are structurally classified as _____.
Multipolar
The two major functional properties of neurons are _____.
Irritability and conductivity
White matters refers to myelinated fibers in the _____.
CNS
Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are _____.
Myelinated
Bipolar neurons are commonly ____.
Found in the eye and nose
During the resting state, a neuron is ______.
Polarized with sodium ions outside the cell and
potassium ions inside the cell
Immediately after an action potential is propagated, _____ rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid.
Potassium
An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell.
Sodium
Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called ____.
Saltatory conduction
The diffusion of potassium ions out of a neuron causes it to experience ____.
Repolarization
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse?
- The membrane becomes depolarized.
- Sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward.
- The membrane becomes repolarized.
- Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell.
2, 1, 4, 3
Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon’s membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next?
Calcium
The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ____.
Synaptic cleft
The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called ____.
Neurotransmitter
What is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?
Receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
Muscles and glands are ____.
Effectors
Which type of reflex involves skeletal muscles?
Somatic
The elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are known as __________ while the shallow grooves are termed __________.
Gyri; sulci
A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?
Frontal lobe
Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can’t vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the _____.
Broca’s area
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the _____.
Brain stem
Which lobe contains the primary motor area and enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements?
Frontal lobe
The pituitary gland is most closely associated with the _____.
Hypothalamus
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through all of the following except:
Corpus callosum
The area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is
the _____.
Reticular activating system (RAS)
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ____.
Hypothalamus
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ______.
Medulla oblongata
Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the ____.
Cerebellum
What is the correct sequence from outermost to innermost
layers of the meninges?
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
The dura mater located in the fissure that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum is _______.
Tentorium cerebelli
The cerebrospinal fluid _____.
is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses.
The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of ____.
Metabolic waste such as urea
A stroke is also known as ____.
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
The gray matter of the spinal cord ____.
Surrounds the central canal
Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ____.
Dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
What is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, going from superior to inferior?
Cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves
What is the correct sequence in connective tissue sheaths, going from outermost to innermost layer?
Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
Each spinal nerve branches into a ventral and dorsal _____.
Ramus
The function of the olfactory nerve concerns ____.
Smell
The nerve that contains sensory fibers that are involved in hearing is ____.
Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)
Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ____.
Sacral plexus
Damage to this nerve results in “wristdrop,” the inability to extend the hand at the wrist.
Radial
Which nervous system subdivision is a chain of two motor neurons consisting of a preganglion and a postganglionic neuron?
Autonomic
Which of the nerve plexuses serves the shoulder and arm?
Brachial
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body resulting from a combination of which two nerves?
Common fibular and tibial nerves
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the ____.
Autonomic nervous system
In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system ____.
has two motor neurons
What effector is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
Skeletal muscle
Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight” response during threatening situations is the role of the _____.
Sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decreases heart rate
The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the _____.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic division fibers leave the spinal cord in the _____.
thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine
Which subdivision of the autonomic nervous system operates using the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine?
Parasympathetic
Which one of the following statements about aging is most accurate?
Despite some neuronal loss, an unlimited number of neural pathways are available and ready to be developed; therefore, additional learning can occur throughout life.
Which of the following is a sympathetic response?
Breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue
All of the following are effects of the parasympathetic division EXCEPT:
Dilation of pupils
What ion channel is used to generate and conduct action potentials?
Voltage-gated channels
The subarachnoid space is located between the ____.
Arachnoid and pia mater
Parkinson’s disease is due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the _____.
Substantia nigra
In a spinal tap, CSF fluid is removed from the _____.
Subarachnoid space
The portion where an axon joins the cell body is the ____.
Axon hillock
True or False: Parasympathetic stimulation increases sweat
secretion.
FALSE. Sympathetic stimulation*
Parasympathetic nervous system has no effect on sweat glands.
True or False: The central sulcus separates the temporal and
parietal lobes.
FALSE. It separates the frontal & parietal lobes. The lateral fissure separates the temporal & parietal lobes.
