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Anaphy Midterm > Nervous System Drills (Multiple Choice) > Flashcards

Nervous System Drills (Multiple Choice) Flashcards

1
Q

The term central nervous system refers to the ___.

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are _____.

A

Somatic sensory

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3
Q

Which neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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4
Q

The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the ____.

A

Axon

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5
Q

The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called _____.

A

Dendrites

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6
Q

Collections of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS are called _____.

A

Nuclei

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7
Q

The major role of the interneuron is to ____.

A

Connect motor and sensory neurons in their
pathways

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8
Q

Neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons, are structurally classified as _____.

A

Multipolar

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9
Q

The two major functional properties of neurons are _____.

A

Irritability and conductivity

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10
Q

White matters refers to myelinated fibers in the _____.

A

CNS

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11
Q

Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are _____.

A

Myelinated

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12
Q

Bipolar neurons are commonly ____.

A

Found in the eye and nose

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13
Q

During the resting state, a neuron is ______.

A

Polarized with sodium ions outside the cell and
potassium ions inside the cell

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14
Q

Immediately after an action potential is propagated, _____ rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid.

A

Potassium

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15
Q

An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell.

A

Sodium

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16
Q

Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called ____.

A

Saltatory conduction

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17
Q

The diffusion of potassium ions out of a neuron causes it to experience ____.

A

Repolarization

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18
Q

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse?

  1. The membrane becomes depolarized.
  2. Sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward.
  3. The membrane becomes repolarized.
  4. Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell.
A

2, 1, 4, 3

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19
Q

Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon’s membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next?

A

Calcium

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20
Q

The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ____.

A

Synaptic cleft

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21
Q

The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called ____.

A

Neurotransmitter

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22
Q

What is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?

A

Receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

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23
Q

Muscles and glands are ____.

A

Effectors

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24
Q

Which type of reflex involves skeletal muscles?

A

Somatic

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25
Q

The elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are known as __________ while the shallow grooves are termed __________.

A

Gyri; sulci

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26
Q

A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?

A

Frontal lobe

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27
Q

Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can’t vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the _____.

A

Broca’s area

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28
Q

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the _____.

A

Brain stem

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29
Q

Which lobe contains the primary motor area and enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements?

A

Frontal lobe

30
Q

The pituitary gland is most closely associated with the _____.

A

Hypothalamus

31
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through all of the following except:

A

Corpus callosum

32
Q

The area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is
the _____.

A

Reticular activating system (RAS)

33
Q

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ____.

A

Hypothalamus

34
Q

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ______.

A

Medulla oblongata

35
Q

Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the ____.

A

Cerebellum

36
Q

What is the correct sequence from outermost to innermost
layers of the meninges?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

37
Q

The dura mater located in the fissure that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum is _______.

A

Tentorium cerebelli

38
Q

The cerebrospinal fluid _____.

A

is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses.

39
Q

The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of ____.

A

Metabolic waste such as urea

40
Q

A stroke is also known as ____.

A

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

41
Q

The gray matter of the spinal cord ____.

A

Surrounds the central canal

42
Q

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ____.

A

Dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

43
Q

What is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, going from superior to inferior?

A

Cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves

44
Q

What is the correct sequence in connective tissue sheaths, going from outermost to innermost layer?

A

Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium

45
Q

Each spinal nerve branches into a ventral and dorsal _____.

A

Ramus

46
Q

The function of the olfactory nerve concerns ____.

A

Smell

47
Q

The nerve that contains sensory fibers that are involved in hearing is ____.

A

Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)

48
Q

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ____.

A

Sacral plexus

49
Q

Damage to this nerve results in “wristdrop,” the inability to extend the hand at the wrist.

A

Radial

50
Q

Which nervous system subdivision is a chain of two motor neurons consisting of a preganglion and a postganglionic neuron?

A

Autonomic

51
Q

Which of the nerve plexuses serves the shoulder and arm?

A

Brachial

52
Q

The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body resulting from a combination of which two nerves?

A

Common fibular and tibial nerves

53
Q

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the ____.

A

Autonomic nervous system

54
Q

In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system ____.

A

has two motor neurons

55
Q

What effector is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A

Skeletal muscle

56
Q

Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight” response during threatening situations is the role of the _____.

A

Sympathetic nervous system

57
Q

Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Decreases heart rate

58
Q

The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the _____.

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

59
Q

Sympathetic division fibers leave the spinal cord in the _____.

A

thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine

60
Q

Which subdivision of the autonomic nervous system operates using the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine?

A

Parasympathetic

61
Q

Which one of the following statements about aging is most accurate?

A

Despite some neuronal loss, an unlimited number of neural pathways are available and ready to be developed; therefore, additional learning can occur throughout life.

62
Q

Which of the following is a sympathetic response?

A

Breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue

63
Q

All of the following are effects of the parasympathetic division EXCEPT:

A

Dilation of pupils

64
Q

What ion channel is used to generate and conduct action potentials?

A

Voltage-gated channels

65
Q

The subarachnoid space is located between the ____.

A

Arachnoid and pia mater

66
Q

Parkinson’s disease is due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the _____.

A

Substantia nigra

67
Q

In a spinal tap, CSF fluid is removed from the _____.

A

Subarachnoid space

68
Q

The portion where an axon joins the cell body is the ____.

A

Axon hillock

69
Q

True or False: Parasympathetic stimulation increases sweat
secretion.

A

FALSE. Sympathetic stimulation*
Parasympathetic nervous system has no effect on sweat glands.

70
Q

True or False: The central sulcus separates the temporal and
parietal lobes.

A

FALSE. It separates the frontal & parietal lobes. The lateral fissure separates the temporal & parietal lobes.

Anaphy Midterm (16 decks)

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