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Medicine life cycle > Nervous system- Anatomy, Week 2 > Flashcards

Nervous system- Anatomy, Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

List the 2 types of cells the nervous system contains

A
  • Nerve cells.

- Supporting cells.

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2
Q

What are nerve cells?

A

Are called neurones
They communicate by synapses.
The functional and structural unit of the nervous system

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3
Q

Supporting cells

A

Glial cells or neuroglia is what they are called.

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4
Q

What is the cytology of nerve cells?

A

It contains the cell body, cytoplasm and nucleus.

The cytoplasm contains cell organelles, RER, mitochondria.

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5
Q

What does the body of the nerve cells contain?

A

Cytoplasm, mitochondria

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6
Q

What are the organelles that cytoplasm contain?

A
  • Mitochondria for energy
  • Nissle body: formed of rough endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis.
  • Lysosomes for intracellular digestion.
  • Golgi apparatus: Synaptic vesicles and modification of proteins
  • Neurofilaments and neurotubules for cell shape and intracellular transport.
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7
Q

What do the processes contain?

A

One dendrite and one axon

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8
Q

What is the function of an axon?

A

Transmits information from the nerve cell body to nerve cells.

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9
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

Receives information from other nerve cells.

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of axon?

A
  • Myelinated: important for insulation, because the thicker the faster the conduction.
  • Unmyelinated
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11
Q

What are myelin-producing cells in CNS?

A

oligodendrocytes.

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12
Q

What are myelin-producing cells in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Schwann cells

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13
Q

What are nerve cells divided according to?

A
  • Size
  • Function
  • Number of processes
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14
Q

Nerve cells according to size.

A
  • Golgi type 1: Large nerve cells with a long axon

- Golgi type 2: Small nerve cells with short axons

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15
Q

Nerve cells according to their functions.

A
  • Motor
  • Sensory
  • Interneurones
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16
Q

The function of motor nerve cells

A

for movement

17
Q

The function of sensory nerve cells

A

Perception of sensation

18
Q

The function on interneurons

A

Connects nerve cells together

19
Q

Nerve cells according to their processes

A
  • Unipolar neurons
  • Bipolar neurons.
  • Multipolar neurons
20
Q

Unipolar neurons

A
  • True unipolar, acts as axon

- Pseudounipolar neurons, acts as dendrite

21
Q

Unipolar neurons

A
  • True unipolar, acts as axon
  • Pseudo unipolar neurons, acts as dendrite
  • 1 processes.
22
Q

Multipolar neurons

A
  • Contains one axon and several dendrites. Form most of the nerve cells in the nervous system.
  • More than 2 process.
23
Q

Bipolar neurons

A
  • 2 processes

- One axon and one dendrite.

24
Q

What is the 2 neuroglia present?

A
  • Central neuroglia: In CNS

- Peripheral neuroglia: In the peripheral nervous system.

25
Q

List the cells that are in central neuroglia

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Ependymal cells
26
Q

Function of astrocytes

A

Transport of metabolites to the nerve cells

27
Q

Function of oligodendrocytes

A

Formation of myelin in CNS

28
Q

Function of microglia

A

Defence against infections

29
Q

The function of ependymal cells

A

Lining the ventricles of the brain

30
Q

List the cells that are in the peripheral nervous system

A
  • Schwann cells

- Satellite cells

31
Q

What is the function of Schwann cells?

A

Formation of myelin sheath in the peripheral

32
Q

What is the function of satellite cells?

A

Surrounds nerve cells inside ganglia

33
Q

What are synapses?

A

The contact point between 2 nerve cells.

34
Q

What are the 2 types of synapses?

A
  • Chemical synapses

- Electrical synapses

35
Q

Describe the structure of the chemical synapses.

A
  • Presynaptic element
  • Synaptic cleft
  • Postsynaptic element

Medicine life cycle (11 decks)

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