Nervous system- Anatomy, Week 2 Flashcards
List the 2 types of cells the nervous system contains
- Nerve cells.
- Supporting cells.
What are nerve cells?
Are called neurones
They communicate by synapses.
The functional and structural unit of the nervous system
Supporting cells
Glial cells or neuroglia is what they are called.
What is the cytology of nerve cells?
It contains the cell body, cytoplasm and nucleus.
The cytoplasm contains cell organelles, RER, mitochondria.
What does the body of the nerve cells contain?
Cytoplasm, mitochondria
What are the organelles that cytoplasm contain?
- Mitochondria for energy
- Nissle body: formed of rough endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis.
- Lysosomes for intracellular digestion.
- Golgi apparatus: Synaptic vesicles and modification of proteins
- Neurofilaments and neurotubules for cell shape and intracellular transport.
What do the processes contain?
One dendrite and one axon
What is the function of an axon?
Transmits information from the nerve cell body to nerve cells.
What is the function of dendrites?
Receives information from other nerve cells.
What are the 2 types of axon?
- Myelinated: important for insulation, because the thicker the faster the conduction.
- Unmyelinated
What are myelin-producing cells in CNS?
oligodendrocytes.
What are myelin-producing cells in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
What are nerve cells divided according to?
- Size
- Function
- Number of processes
Nerve cells according to size.
- Golgi type 1: Large nerve cells with a long axon
- Golgi type 2: Small nerve cells with short axons
Nerve cells according to their functions.
- Motor
- Sensory
- Interneurones
The function of motor nerve cells
for movement
The function of sensory nerve cells
Perception of sensation
The function on interneurons
Connects nerve cells together
Nerve cells according to their processes
- Unipolar neurons
- Bipolar neurons.
- Multipolar neurons
Unipolar neurons
- True unipolar, acts as axon
- Pseudounipolar neurons, acts as dendrite
Unipolar neurons
- True unipolar, acts as axon
- Pseudo unipolar neurons, acts as dendrite
- 1 processes.
Multipolar neurons
- Contains one axon and several dendrites. Form most of the nerve cells in the nervous system.
- More than 2 process.
Bipolar neurons
- 2 processes
- One axon and one dendrite.
What is the 2 neuroglia present?
- Central neuroglia: In CNS
- Peripheral neuroglia: In the peripheral nervous system.
