Anatomy- Front Medial Side Of Thigh, week 7 Flashcards
1
Q
Anterior Compartment
A
Muscle groups-Quadriceps femoris
Nerve supply- Femoral nerve
Arterial supply-Femoral artery
Main action- Extension of knee joint
2
Q
Posterior compartment nerve supply
A
Nerve supply- sciatic nerve
3
Q
Posterior compartment muscle group
A
Hamstring
4
Q
Posterior compartment arterial supply
A
Perforated arteries from profundal femoris artery
5
Q
Posterior compartments main action
A
- Extension of hip joint
- Flexion of the knee joint
6
Q
Medial compartment muscle group
A
Adductor muscle
7
Q
Medial compartment nerve supply
A
Obturator nerve
8
Q
Medial compartment arterial supply
A
- Obturator
- Profunda femoris
9
Q
Medial compartment main action
A
Adduction of hip joint
10
Q
How many layers is superficial facia is formed of and name them?
A
- 2
- Superficial fatty layer
- Deep membranous layer
11
Q
What does superficial fascia contain?
A
- Great saphenous vein.
- The superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
- Cutaneous nerves of thigh
12
Q
What is a deep membranous layer?
A
-Attaches to deep fascia along a horizontal line, below the inguinal ligament.
13
Q
Deep fascia lata
A
- Binds the muscles together.
- Attached to the linea Aspera by 3 intermuscular septa medial, lateral and posterior.
- Thickened laterally to form the iliotibial tract.
- It contains a saphenous opening in its upper medial part.
14
Q
What is the shape of the saphenous opening?
A
-Oval opening in the deep fascia of the front of the thigh.
15
Q
Where is the saphenous opening located?
A
- Below and lateral to the pubic tubercle.
- It contains falciform margin.
- Closed by the cribriform fascia
16
Q
What is the falciform margin?
A
Sharp upper, lateral and lower margin.
17
Q
Cribriform is pierced by 3 structures, what are they?
A
- Great saphenous vein: forms a femoral vein at the end
- 3 superficial inguinal arteries: branches of the femoral artery.
- Lymphatic vessels: Superficial to the deep inguinal lymph nodes.
18
Q
What is the importance if saphenous opening?
A
It gives passage to femoral hernia.
19
Q
What is the origin of vastus medialis?
A
- Lower part of the intertrochanteric line
- Spiral line
- Medial lip of linea Aspera
- Medial supracondylar line
20
Q
What is the origin of vastus lateralis?
A
- Upper part of the intertrochanteric line
- Root of greater trochanter
- Lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity and the lateral lip of linea Aspera.
21
Q
What is the origin of vastus intermedius?
A
-3/4 of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur.
22
Q
What is the origin of rectus femoris?
A
-Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium above acetabulum.
23
Q
What is the nerve supply of vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius and rectus femoris?
A
femoral vein
24
Q
What are the actions of vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedius?
A
Extension of the knee joint
25
What is the action of rectus femoris?
- Extension of the knee joint.
| - Flexion of the hip joint.
26
Where are the muscles in the quadriceps inserted into?
- They are inserted into the base of the patella.
- From patella, ligamentum patellar is inserted into the upper part of the tibial tuberosity.
- incomplete
27
What is the origin of the sartorius muscle?
-Anterior superior iliac spine.
28
Where is the insertion of sartorius muscle?
-Upper part of the medial surface of the tibia.
29
What is the action of the sartorius muscle?
- Flexion of the knee
- Flexon of the hip
- Medial rotation of the knee joint/leg
30
What is the insertion of the pectineus muscle?
-Upper 1/2 of the line between the lesser trochanter and linea Aspera.
31
What is the origin of the pectineus muscle?
The pectineal surface of the superior pubic ramus and pectineal line.
32
What is the action of pectineus muscle?
Adduction, flexion and lateral rotation of the thigh.
33
What is the origin of the iliac muscle?
Iliac fossa and ala of the sacrum.
34
Where is the insertion of iliac muscle?
lesser trochanter
35
What nerve supplies to the iliac muscle?
Femoral nerve
36
Psoas major origin?
T12 and all lumber transverse processes.
37
What is the nerve supply of psoas major?
Lumbar plexus
38
What is the action of illiacus muscle and psoas major?
They are the main flexor of the thigh.
39
What is the base of the femoral triangle?
-Inguinal ligament
40
What is the lateral structure of the femoral triangle?
Sartorius muscle
41
What is the medial structure of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus muscle
42
The apex of the femoral triangle
Meeting of the medial border of sartorius and adductor longus muscles.
43
What is the roof of the femora triangle?
Skin, superficial fascia and deep fascia.
44
What is the floor of the femora triangle?
- Adductor longus
- Pectineus muscle
- Psoas major muscle
- Iliacus muscle
45
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
- Femoral sheath
- VAN- -Femoral vein and its tributaries, femora arteries and its branches, femoral nerve and its branches.
- Femoral branches of the genitofemoral nerve.
- Deep inguinal lymph nodes.
- Sympathetic plexus around the femora artery.
46
The shape of the femoral sheath
Funnel-shaped sheath extending from the fascia of the abdominal wall.
47
Location of the femoral sheath.
Surrounds the upper 1.5 inches of the femoral vessels.
48
What are the walls of the femoral sheath?
- Anterior wall
| - Posterior wall
49
What is the anterior wall of the femoral sheath?
Extension of fascia transveralis of the anterior abdominal wall.
50
What is the posterior wall of the femoral sheath?
Extension of fascia iliaca of the posterior abdominal wall.
51
What are the compartments of the femora sheath divided into?
- 3 compartments
- Lateral compartment
- Middle compartment
- Medial compartment
52
What does the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath contain?
The femoral artery and the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve.
53
What does the middle compartment of the femoral sheath contain?
Femoral vein
54
What does the medial compartments?
-Femoral canal, contains lymph node and fat.
55
What is a femoral canal?
-It is the medial and shortest compartment of the femoral sheath.
56
What are the boundaries of the femoral canal?
- Anteriorly-Fascia transversalis
- Posteriorly- Fascia iliaca
- Medially- Fusion of 2 fasciae
- Laterally- Femoral vein
- Inferiorly- Closed by fusion of its wall
- Superiorly- opens into the abdominal cavity by which femoral ring which is closed by fatty tissue called femoral septum
57
What are the boundaries of the femoral ring?
- Anteriorly: Inguinal ligament.
- Posteriorly: Pectineal line and pectineus.
- Laterally: Femoral vein
- Medially: Lacunar ligament.
58
What are the contents of the femoral canal?
- deep inguinal lymph node
| - Loose areolar connective tissue.
59
Advantage of the femoral canal?
Allows expansion of femoral vein, when venous is returned from lower limbs is increased due to exercise.
60
The disadvantage of the femoral canal?
It gives passage for a femoral hernia.
61
What is a femoral hernia?
-Protrusion of a peritoneal sac through the femoral canal into the thigh.
62
What could be the cause of femoral hernia?
- Pregnancy
| - Chronic cough
63
Which sex is femoral hernia most common in?
Most common in females because their pelvis is wider and therefore the femoral canal is wider.
64
What does the hernia contain?
Coils of intestines, strangulated by a lacunar ligament.
65
What are the characteristics of femoral hernia?
- Common in females
- Below the pubic tubercle
- Below the inguinal ligament.
- Never descends into the scrotum
66
What are the characteristics of the inguinal hernia?
- Common in males.
- Above the pubic tubercle
- Above the inguinal ligament
- Descends into the scrotum
67
What is the adductor canal?
The adductor canal serves as a passageway for structures moving between the anterior thigh and posterior leg.
68
Where does the adductor canal begin?
-Apex of the femoral triangle.
69
Where does the adductor canal end?
Opening of the adductor Magnus.
70
Where is adductor canal located in?
Middle 1/3 of the medial side of the thigh
71
List the boundaries of the adductor canal.
- Anterior medial: Sartorius
- Anterior lateral: Vastus medialis muscle.
- Posterior wall: Adductor longus and adductor Magnus
72
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
- Femoral artery.
- Femoral vein.
- Saphenous nerve.
- Descending genicular artery from the femora; artery.
- Nerve to the vastus medialis.
- Subsartorial plexus of nerves.
73
How the contents enter and leave the adductor canal?/
- Femoral artery: enters the canal through its upper end. It leaves through the opening in the adductor magnus to continue as popliteal artery.
- Femoral vein: Enters the canal through the opening in the adductor magnus as the continuation of the popliteal vein. It leaves the canal at its upper end.
- Saphenous nerve: Enters the canal through its upper end. It leaves the canal at its lower part by piecing its fibrous roof.
- Nerve to vastus medialis: It enters the canal through its upper end. It enters the vastus medialis in the middle of the canal.
74
Femoral vein origin
It continues as the popliteal vein, at the opening in the adductor magnus.
75
Femoral vein termination
Behind the inguinal ligament to continue as the external iliac vein.
76
Tributaries of femoral vein
Deep femoral vein, great saphenous vein, lateral circumflex femoral veins, medial circumflex femoral veins
