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Medicine life cycle > Anatomy- Front Medial Side Of Thigh, week 7 > Flashcards

Anatomy- Front Medial Side Of Thigh, week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Compartment

A

Muscle groups-Quadriceps femoris
Nerve supply- Femoral nerve
Arterial supply-Femoral artery
Main action- Extension of knee joint

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2
Q

Posterior compartment nerve supply

A

Nerve supply- sciatic nerve

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3
Q

Posterior compartment muscle group

A

Hamstring

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4
Q

Posterior compartment arterial supply

A

Perforated arteries from profundal femoris artery

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5
Q

Posterior compartments main action

A
  • Extension of hip joint

- Flexion of the knee joint

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6
Q

Medial compartment muscle group

A

Adductor muscle

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7
Q

Medial compartment nerve supply

A

Obturator nerve

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8
Q

Medial compartment arterial supply

A
  • Obturator

- Profunda femoris

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9
Q

Medial compartment main action

A

Adduction of hip joint

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10
Q

How many layers is superficial facia is formed of and name them?

A
  • 2
  • Superficial fatty layer
  • Deep membranous layer
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11
Q

What does superficial fascia contain?

A
  • Great saphenous vein.
  • The superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
  • Cutaneous nerves of thigh
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12
Q

What is a deep membranous layer?

A

-Attaches to deep fascia along a horizontal line, below the inguinal ligament.

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13
Q

Deep fascia lata

A
  • Binds the muscles together.
  • Attached to the linea Aspera by 3 intermuscular septa medial, lateral and posterior.
  • Thickened laterally to form the iliotibial tract.
  • It contains a saphenous opening in its upper medial part.
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14
Q

What is the shape of the saphenous opening?

A

-Oval opening in the deep fascia of the front of the thigh.

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15
Q

Where is the saphenous opening located?

A
  • Below and lateral to the pubic tubercle.
  • It contains falciform margin.
  • Closed by the cribriform fascia
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16
Q

What is the falciform margin?

A

Sharp upper, lateral and lower margin.

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17
Q

Cribriform is pierced by 3 structures, what are they?

A
  • Great saphenous vein: forms a femoral vein at the end
  • 3 superficial inguinal arteries: branches of the femoral artery.
  • Lymphatic vessels: Superficial to the deep inguinal lymph nodes.
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18
Q

What is the importance if saphenous opening?

A

It gives passage to femoral hernia.

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19
Q

What is the origin of vastus medialis?

A
  • Lower part of the intertrochanteric line
  • Spiral line
  • Medial lip of linea Aspera
  • Medial supracondylar line
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20
Q

What is the origin of vastus lateralis?

A
  • Upper part of the intertrochanteric line
  • Root of greater trochanter
  • Lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity and the lateral lip of linea Aspera.
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21
Q

What is the origin of vastus intermedius?

A

-3/4 of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur.

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22
Q

What is the origin of rectus femoris?

A

-Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium above acetabulum.

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23
Q

What is the nerve supply of vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius and rectus femoris?

A

femoral vein

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24
Q

What are the actions of vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedius?

A

Extension of the knee joint

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25
Q

What is the action of rectus femoris?

A
  • Extension of the knee joint.

- Flexion of the hip joint.

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26
Q

Where are the muscles in the quadriceps inserted into?

A
  • They are inserted into the base of the patella.
  • From patella, ligamentum patellar is inserted into the upper part of the tibial tuberosity.
  • incomplete
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27
Q

What is the origin of the sartorius muscle?

A

-Anterior superior iliac spine.

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28
Q

Where is the insertion of sartorius muscle?

A

-Upper part of the medial surface of the tibia.

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29
Q

What is the action of the sartorius muscle?

A
  • Flexion of the knee
  • Flexon of the hip
  • Medial rotation of the knee joint/leg
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30
Q

What is the insertion of the pectineus muscle?

A

-Upper 1/2 of the line between the lesser trochanter and linea Aspera.

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31
Q

What is the origin of the pectineus muscle?

A

The pectineal surface of the superior pubic ramus and pectineal line.

32
Q

What is the action of pectineus muscle?

A

Adduction, flexion and lateral rotation of the thigh.

33
Q

What is the origin of the iliac muscle?

A

Iliac fossa and ala of the sacrum.

34
Q

Where is the insertion of iliac muscle?

A

lesser trochanter

35
Q

What nerve supplies to the iliac muscle?

A

Femoral nerve

36
Q

Psoas major origin?

A

T12 and all lumber transverse processes.

37
Q

What is the nerve supply of psoas major?

A

Lumbar plexus

38
Q

What is the action of illiacus muscle and psoas major?

A

They are the main flexor of the thigh.

39
Q

What is the base of the femoral triangle?

A

-Inguinal ligament

40
Q

What is the lateral structure of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius muscle

41
Q

What is the medial structure of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor longus muscle

42
Q

The apex of the femoral triangle

A

Meeting of the medial border of sartorius and adductor longus muscles.

43
Q

What is the roof of the femora triangle?

A

Skin, superficial fascia and deep fascia.

44
Q

What is the floor of the femora triangle?

A
  • Adductor longus
  • Pectineus muscle
  • Psoas major muscle
  • Iliacus muscle
45
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A
  • Femoral sheath
  • VAN- -Femoral vein and its tributaries, femora arteries and its branches, femoral nerve and its branches.
  • Femoral branches of the genitofemoral nerve.
  • Deep inguinal lymph nodes.
  • Sympathetic plexus around the femora artery.
46
Q

The shape of the femoral sheath

A

Funnel-shaped sheath extending from the fascia of the abdominal wall.

47
Q

Location of the femoral sheath.

A

Surrounds the upper 1.5 inches of the femoral vessels.

48
Q

What are the walls of the femoral sheath?

A
  • Anterior wall

- Posterior wall

49
Q

What is the anterior wall of the femoral sheath?

A

Extension of fascia transveralis of the anterior abdominal wall.

50
Q

What is the posterior wall of the femoral sheath?

A

Extension of fascia iliaca of the posterior abdominal wall.

51
Q

What are the compartments of the femora sheath divided into?

A
  • 3 compartments
  • Lateral compartment
  • Middle compartment
  • Medial compartment
52
Q

What does the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath contain?

A

The femoral artery and the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve.

53
Q

What does the middle compartment of the femoral sheath contain?

A

Femoral vein

54
Q

What does the medial compartments?

A

-Femoral canal, contains lymph node and fat.

55
Q

What is a femoral canal?

A

-It is the medial and shortest compartment of the femoral sheath.

56
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral canal?

A
  • Anteriorly-Fascia transversalis
  • Posteriorly- Fascia iliaca
  • Medially- Fusion of 2 fasciae
  • Laterally- Femoral vein
  • Inferiorly- Closed by fusion of its wall
  • Superiorly- opens into the abdominal cavity by which femoral ring which is closed by fatty tissue called femoral septum
57
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral ring?

A
  • Anteriorly: Inguinal ligament.
  • Posteriorly: Pectineal line and pectineus.
  • Laterally: Femoral vein
  • Medially: Lacunar ligament.
58
Q

What are the contents of the femoral canal?

A
  • deep inguinal lymph node

- Loose areolar connective tissue.

59
Q

Advantage of the femoral canal?

A

Allows expansion of femoral vein, when venous is returned from lower limbs is increased due to exercise.

60
Q

The disadvantage of the femoral canal?

A

It gives passage for a femoral hernia.

61
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

-Protrusion of a peritoneal sac through the femoral canal into the thigh.

62
Q

What could be the cause of femoral hernia?

A
  • Pregnancy

- Chronic cough

63
Q

Which sex is femoral hernia most common in?

A

Most common in females because their pelvis is wider and therefore the femoral canal is wider.

64
Q

What does the hernia contain?

A

Coils of intestines, strangulated by a lacunar ligament.

65
Q

What are the characteristics of femoral hernia?

A
  • Common in females
  • Below the pubic tubercle
  • Below the inguinal ligament.
  • Never descends into the scrotum
66
Q

What are the characteristics of the inguinal hernia?

A
  • Common in males.
  • Above the pubic tubercle
  • Above the inguinal ligament
  • Descends into the scrotum
67
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

The adductor canal serves as a passageway for structures moving between the anterior thigh and posterior leg.

68
Q

Where does the adductor canal begin?

A

-Apex of the femoral triangle.

69
Q

Where does the adductor canal end?

A

Opening of the adductor Magnus.

70
Q

Where is adductor canal located in?

A

Middle 1/3 of the medial side of the thigh

71
Q

List the boundaries of the adductor canal.

A
  • Anterior medial: Sartorius
  • Anterior lateral: Vastus medialis muscle.
  • Posterior wall: Adductor longus and adductor Magnus
72
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A
  • Femoral artery.
  • Femoral vein.
  • Saphenous nerve.
  • Descending genicular artery from the femora; artery.
  • Nerve to the vastus medialis.
  • Subsartorial plexus of nerves.
73
Q

How the contents enter and leave the adductor canal?/

A
  • Femoral artery: enters the canal through its upper end. It leaves through the opening in the adductor magnus to continue as popliteal artery.
  • Femoral vein: Enters the canal through the opening in the adductor magnus as the continuation of the popliteal vein. It leaves the canal at its upper end.
  • Saphenous nerve: Enters the canal through its upper end. It leaves the canal at its lower part by piecing its fibrous roof.
  • Nerve to vastus medialis: It enters the canal through its upper end. It enters the vastus medialis in the middle of the canal.
74
Q

Femoral vein origin

A

It continues as the popliteal vein, at the opening in the adductor magnus.

75
Q

Femoral vein termination

A

Behind the inguinal ligament to continue as the external iliac vein.

76
Q

Tributaries of femoral vein

A

Deep femoral vein, great saphenous vein, lateral circumflex femoral veins, medial circumflex femoral veins

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