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Medicine life cycle > Anatomy, Embryology- Embryonic period(Week 4) > Flashcards

Anatomy, Embryology- Embryonic period(Week 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Organogenesis

A

Formation of all organs from 3 germ layers.

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2
Q

Morphogenesis

A

Formation of the shape and general body from the embryo. By folding of the trilaminar plate.

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3
Q

Why is the embryonic period the most critical period of development?

A
  • All organs begin to develop.
  • The external body shape is formed.
  • Congenital malformation usually occurs.
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4
Q

List the 3 germ layers required for organogenesis.

A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. Endoderm
  3. Mesoderm
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5
Q

List the 3 germ layers required for organogenesis.

A
  1. Ectoderm: Upper surface
  2. Endoderm: Lower surface
  3. Mesoderm: Middle surface
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6
Q

Ectoderm is divided into

A

Neuroectoderm(Midline) and surface ectoderm(peripheral).

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7
Q

What does the neuroectoderm form?

A

forms the neural tube and neural crest

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8
Q

Notochord

A

It induces differentiation from overlying ectoderm to neuroectoderm.

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9
Q

Derivatives of the neural tube.

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Retina of eyes
  • Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
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10
Q

Derivatives of the neural crest.

A

Forms:

  1. All ganglia
    a. Sensory Ganglia: Spinal and cranial.
    b. Autonomic: Sympathetic and parasympathetic
  2. Pia mater and arachnoid
  3. Schwann cells
  4. Suprarenal medulla
  5. Melanocytes
  6. Odontoblasts
  7. Facial skeleton
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11
Q

What is sensory ganglia?

A

Spinal ganglia and ganglia of cranial nerve

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12
Q

Where is neural crest located at?

A

Between neural groove and surface ectoderm.

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13
Q

What do placodes consist of?

A
  • Olfactory

- Otic

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14
Q

What does olfactory placode form?

A

-Olfactory nerve and receptors.

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15
Q

What does otic placode form?

A

-Vestibulocochlear nerve and receptors.

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16
Q

What is surface ectoderm?

A

-Forms structures in contact with the outside world.

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17
Q

What does surface ectoderm form?

A
  1. Epidermis of the skin
  2. Appendages of the skin
  3. Sense organ
  4. Anterior lobe
  5. Salivary glands
  6. Lower 1/2 of the anal canal.
  7. Enamel of the teeth.
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18
Q

What do the appendages of the skin consist of?

A
  • Hair and nails.
  • Sebaceous and sweat glands.
  • Mammary gland.
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19
Q

List the sense organs

A
  • Eye: Lens and surface of the cornea.
  • Ear: inner ear
  • Nose: Epithelium of nasal cavity
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20
Q

List the three-part intraembryonic mesoderm is divided into.

A
  • paraxial mesoderm
  • intermediate mesoderm
  • lateral plate mesoderm
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21
Q

What is the site of paraxial mesoderm?

A
  • On each side of the notochord.

- Extends from the buccopharyngeal membrane to cleacal membrane.

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22
Q

Intermediate mesoderm

A
  • In the middle. It is called nephrogenic cord.

- Forms the urogenital system: kidney and gonads.

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23
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm

A

Forms body cavities and body wall

24
Q

What is the division of the paraxial mesoderm?

A

Divides into segments called somites.

25
Q

What is the site of the paraxial mesoderm?

A

On each side of the notochord.

26
Q

Where does Paraxial mesoderm extend from?

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane to the cloacal membrane.

27
Q

What is the range of number of somites?

A

42-44

28
Q

What is the distribution of the somite?

A
  • Occipital
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
  • Coccygeal
29
Q

How many somites are in the occipital?

A

4

30
Q

How many somites are in the cervical?

A

8

31
Q

How many somites are in the thoracic?

A

12

32
Q

How many somites are in the lumbar?

A

5

33
Q

How many somites are in the sacral?

A

5

34
Q

How many somites are in the coccygeal?

A

8-10

35
Q

What happens to the first occipital somite and the last 7 coccygeal?

A

They degenerates

36
Q

What are the 2 parts somite divides into?

A
  • Sclerotome

- Dermomyotome

37
Q

What is a sclerotome?

A

Ventromedial part

38
Q

What is a dermomyotome?

A

The dorsolateral part

39
Q

What is dermomyotome divided into?

A
  • Myotome

- Dermatome

40
Q

What is myotome?

A

Forms the muscles of the trunk.

41
Q

What is dermatome?

A

Forms the dermis of the skin

42
Q

What does the sclerotome form?

A
  • Surrounds the notochord and neural tube.

- Forms the vertebrae.

43
Q

What are the 3 derivatives of the somite?

A
  1. Sclerotome: Vertebrae
  2. Dermatome: Dermis of the skin
  3. Myotome: Muscles of the skin
44
Q

What is the origin of the skin?

A

Epidermis–> ectoderm

Dermis–> mesoderm

45
Q

What is the intraembryonic coelom?

A

Cavity in the lateral mesoderm.

46
Q

What are the 2 layers coelom divides the lateral plate into?

A
  • Somatic layer

- Splanchnic layer

47
Q

What is the position of the somatic layer?

A

Below the ectoderm

48
Q

What is the position of the splanchnic layer?

A

Above the endoderm

49
Q

What does the lateral plate mesoderm form?

A
  • Coelom
  • Somatic
  • Splanchnic
50
Q

How many cavities does the intraembryonic coelom form?

A

3 body cavities

51
Q

What are the cavities the intraembryonic coelom forms?

A
  • Pericardial
  • Pleural
  • Peritoneal
52
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

-Surrounds the heart

53
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

-Surrounds the lung

54
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Surrounds the abdominal organs.

55
Q

What are the derivatives of the lateral plate mesoderm?

A
  • Intraembryonic Coelom
  • Somatic layer
  • Splanchnic layer
56
Q

What does the somatic or parietal layer forms?

A
  • Muscles of the body wall and limbs
  • Parietal layer of serous membranes: Peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium.
  • All forms of connective tissue.
57
Q

What does the splanchelic or visceral layer forms?

A
  • Smooth muscles

- Visceral layer

Medicine life cycle (11 decks)

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