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Anatomy-Joints week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain joints

A

Meeting between 2 joints or more than 2 joints

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2
Q

List the 3 types of joints

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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3
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

2 bones connected by fibrous tissue, no movement

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A
  • Sutures of the skull
  • Syndesmosis
  • Gomphosis-tooth joint
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5
Q

Sutures

A
  • Joints between the skull joints.

- Fibrous tissue is thin and may ossify

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6
Q

Syndesmosis

A
  • Very strong ligaments between the 2 bones.

- Never ossify.

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of syndesmosis?

A
  • Inferior tibiofibular joints

- Interosseous membrane

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8
Q

Inferior tibiofibular

A

Between the lower end of tibia and fibula

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9
Q

Interosseous membrane

A

Between the radius and ulna or between the tibia and fibula

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10
Q

Gomphosis

A

The joint between the tooth and the bone, never ossify

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of cartilaginous joints?

A
  • Bones are connected together by cartilaginous tissue

- Allow limited movement.

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

A
  • Primary cartilaginous joints

- Secondary cartilaginous joints

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Primary cartilaginous joints?

A
  • Bones are connected by hyaline.
  • Temporary it ossifies- turns into bones
  • Immobile
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14
Q

What are examples of the primary cartilaginous joint?

A
  • Epiphyseal plate

- 1st sternocostal junction

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of secondary cartilaginous joint?

A
  • Bones connected by fibrocartilage
  • Permanent, doesn’t ossify.
  • Limited movement.
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16
Q

What are examples of secondary cartilaginous joint?

A

All the midline joints

  • Intervertebral disc between 2 vertebrae.
  • Pubic symphysis
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17
Q

What are synovial joints?

A
  • Permit a wide range of movements.

- Bones are separated from each other by joint space.

18
Q

List the characteristics of and the structure of the synovial joint.

A
  • Articular surface is covered by a thin layer of hyaline
  • 2 bones separated by a joint cavity.
  • 2 bones connected by a fibrous capsule.
  • Accessory ligament, present outside the capsule.
  • The synovial membrane is present inside a capsule.
19
Q

What fluid does synovial membrane produce?

A

-Synovial fluid.

20
Q

What are the three functions of synovial fluid?

A
  • Lubrication
  • Nutrition
  • Shock absorption
21
Q

What are some of the structures synovial joints contains?

A
  • Cartilage
  • Tendon of muscles
  • Ligament
22
Q

What form does cartilage come in?

A
  • Disc-sternoclavicular joint
  • Meniscus-Knee joint
  • Labrum(ring)- Shoulder and hip joint
23
Q

What are the 2 types of tendon?

A
  • The long head of biceps in the shoulder joint.

- Tendon of the popliteus muscle in the knee joint.

24
Q

Ligament

A

Cruciate ligament in the knee joint

25
What are the types of synovial joints?
- Uniaxial joints - Biaxial joints - Polyaxial joints - Plane joints - Compound joints
26
Uniaxial joints
- Hinge joints | - Pivot joints
27
Hinge joints
-Flexion and extension of the elbow joints, ankle joints
28
Pivot joints
-Movements occur around a vertical axis, such as radioulnar joints, median atlantoaxial joint.
29
What are biaxial joints?
-Movements occur around 2 axes
30
List the 3 biaxial joints?
- Condyloid joints - Ellipsoid joints - Saddle joints
31
What are condyloid joints?
It fits in a concavity like - knee joint: Flexion and extension+ Medial and lateral rotation - Metacarpophalangeal joints: Flexion and extension+adduction and abduction.
32
What are ellipsoid joints?
Convexity in elliptical concavity such as the wrist joint | Flexion and extension+ adduction and abduction
33
What are saddle joints?
-Biaxial plus slight rotation as the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
34
What are polyaxial joints?
Movement occurs around 2 axes.
35
What are examples of polyaxial joints?
- Shoulder joint | - Hip joint
36
What are plane joints?
Articular surfaces are flat The movements are gliding(sliding) such as the: -Intercarpal -Intertarsal joints
37
What are the intercarpal joints?
Joints between carpal bones.
38
What are the intertarsal joints?
Joints between tarsal bones
39
What are compound joints?
- More than one type. | - The joint is divided by articular disc into 2 joints.
40
Examples of compound joints?
Temporo-mandibular joint
41
What does the stability of joints consist of?
- Shape of the articulating joint - Strenght of the accessory ligament - The muscle surrounding the joints-tone

Medicine life cycle (11 decks)

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