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Medicine life cycle > Anatomy- Leg--Week 9 > Flashcards

Anatomy- Leg--Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dermatome of the medial side of the leg?

A

-L4

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2
Q

What is the dermatomes of the lateral side of the leg?

A

-L5

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3
Q

What is the dermatome of the back of the leg?

A

-S2 upper part and S1 lower part of the leg.

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4
Q

Where is the deep fascia thickened around? How many retinacula is formed

A
  • Around the ankle

- 5 retinacula

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5
Q

List the 5 retinacula formed.

A
  • 2 extensor retinacula: Superior and inferior.
  • 2 peroneal retinacula: Superior and inferior.
  • Flexor retinaculum: medial side of the ankle joint.
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6
Q

What muscles are part of the anterior compartment and what do they do?

A
  • Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum, extensor hallucis longus, and peroneus longus.
  • Dorsiflexion
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7
Q

Which nerve and artery supplies the anterior compartment?

A
  • Anterior tibial artery

- Deep peroneal nerve

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8
Q

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment and what are their jobs?

A
  • Evertors and Plantar flexors.

- They are peroneus longus and peroneus brevis.

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9
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment?

A

-Superficial peroneal nerve.

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10
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment? and are their job?

A
  • Plantar flexors
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
  • Popliteus
  • Flexor digitorum longus.
  • Flexor hallucis longus.
  • Tibialis posterior
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11
Q

Nerve that supplies the posterior compartment of the leg.

A

-Tibial nerve

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12
Q

What is the origin of tibialis anterior?

A

-upper half of the tibia

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13
Q

What is the origin of extensor digitorum, extensor hallucis longus, and peroneus longus?

A

-All originate from the fibula.

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14
Q

Where is tibialis anterior inserted in?

A
  • Medial cuneiform bone.

- Parts of the first metatarsal bone

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15
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior?

A

-Inversion and dorsiflexion.

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16
Q

Where is extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • Inserted into 4 slips.

- Middle and distal phalanges of the 4 toes.

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17
Q

What is extensor hallucis longus?

A

-Distal phalanx of the big toe

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18
Q

Peroneus longus insertion

A

Dorsum of the 5th metatarsal.

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19
Q

Action of extensor digitorum longus

A

-extension of the lateral 4 toes

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20
Q

Action of extensor hallucis longus

A

Extension of the big toe(hallux)

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21
Q

Peroneus tertius

A

eversion of the foot

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22
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Upward movement of the foot.

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23
Q

Plantar flexor

A

Downward movement of the foot.

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24
Q

What is the origin of anterior tibial artery?

A
  • It is one of the two terminal branches of the popliteal artery.
  • At the distal border of the popliteus.
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25
Q

Where is the termination of anterior tibial artery?

A

Continues as dorsalis pedis artery.

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26
Q

List the branches of anterior tibial artery.

A
  • Posterior tibial recurrent artery: shares in anastomosis around the knee joint
  • Anterior tibial recurrent artery: shares in anastomosis around the knee joint
  • Muscular branches: supplies muscles of the anterior compartment.
  • Anterior medial malleolar artery: Shares in anastomosis around the ankle.
  • Anterior lateral malleolar artery: Shares in anastomosis around the ankle.
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27
Q

The origin of the deep peroneal nerve

A
  • One of the 2 terminal branches of the common peroneal nerve.
  • lateral side of the neck of the fibula.
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28
Q

Termination of the deep peroneal nerve

A

Divides into medial and lateral branches

29
Q

The muscles deep peroneal nerve supplies to.

A
  • Muscles: Anterior compartment.
  • Articular: ankle joints of foot.
  • Cutaneous branch: Adjacent sides of big toe and second toe
30
Q

What is the effect of lesion to to peroneal nerve?

A

-Paralysis of the dorsiflexors. Loss of dorsiflexion resulting in foot drop.

31
Q

How many muscles are in the lateral compartments?

A
  • 2
  • Peroneus Longus
  • Peroneus Brevis
32
Q

What is the origin of peroneus longus muscle?

A

-Upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula.

33
Q

Where is the peroneus longus muscle inserted at?

A

-Crosses the sole of the foot to be inserted into the medial cuneiform bone.

34
Q

Where is the peroneus brevis muscle inserted at?

A

-Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone.

35
Q

What are the actions of the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis?

A
  • Plantar flexion of the foot
  • Eversion of the foot.
  • Peroneus longus muscle supports the transverse arch of the foot.
36
Q

What is the origin of superficial peroneal nerve?

A

-One of the 2 branches of the common peroneal nerve.

37
Q

What is the landmark of superficial peroneal nerve?

A
  • Takes origin: Lateral side of the neck of the fibula deep to the peroneus longus
  • Descends between peroneus longus and brevis
  • Descends in front of extensor retinaculum and runs on the dorsum of the foot.
38
Q

Branches the peroneal nerve supplies to?

A
  • Cutaneous branches

- Muscular branches

39
Q

What doe the muscular branch of the superficial peroneal nerve supply to?

A

-Lateral compartment, PL and PB.

40
Q

What doe the cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve supply to?

A

Middle of the dorsum of foot.

41
Q

Meaning of dorsum?

A

Dorsum (anatomy), the upper side of an animal, or the back in erect organisms.

42
Q

Dorsum of the toes:

Lateral side of the little toe.

A

Sural nerve

43
Q

Dorsum of the toes:

Sides of the big toe and second toe

A

Deep peroneal nerve

44
Q

Dorsum of the toes:

Remaining parts of the toe is.

A

Superficial peroneal nerve.

45
Q

How many superficial muscles does the back of the leg have?

A

3

46
Q

How many deep muscles does the back of the leg have?

A

4

47
Q

What is the nerve that supplies to the superficial muscles?

A

Tibial nerve

48
Q

What is the artery that supplies to the superficial muscles?

A

Posterior tibial artery

49
Q

List the superficial muscles.

A
  • GPS
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
50
Q

The origin of gastrocnemius.

A
  • 2 heads

- Lower end of the femur.

51
Q

The origin of soleus.

A

From the tibia below the soleal line.

52
Q

The origin of plantaris

A

Popliteus surface above lateral condyle.

53
Q

What 2 superficial muscles form tendocalcaneus?

A

Gastrocnemius and Soleus. Inserted into the middle of the back of the calcaneus.

54
Q

List the 4 deep muscles at the back of leg.

A
  • Popliteus
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Tibialis posterior.
55
Q

Origin of popliteus

A

Below lateral condyle

56
Q

What is the main action of the popliteus?

A
  • Unlocking of the knee joint.

- Flexion of the knee joint.

57
Q

What are the main planter flexors in superficial muscles?

A

-Gastrocnemius and soleus.

58
Q

What is flexor retinaculum?

A

A thickened band of deep fascia on the medial side of the ankle joint.

59
Q

Where is the flexor retinaculum attached at?

A
  • From medial malleolus.

- To calcaneus.

60
Q

What is the function of flexor retinaculum?

A
  • Keeps flexor tendons in position.

- Prevents projection of tendons during plantar flexion and inversion.

61
Q

List the structures passing deep to the flexor retinaculum.

A
  • Toms=Tibialis posterior
  • Dog is=Flexor digitorum longus
  • Very=Posterior tibial vessels
  • Nice and =Tibial nerve
  • Happy=Flexor hallucis longus
62
Q

What is the rule regarding the tendons anterior or posterior to the medial malleolus?

A
  • It causes inversion

- Like TA and TP

63
Q

What is the rule regarding the tendons anterior or posterior to the lateral malleolus?

A
  • Causes eversion

- Like PL, PB and PT.

64
Q

List the muscles that causes eversion.

A
  • Peroneus longus
  • Peroneus brevis
  • Peroneus tertius.
65
Q

List the muscles that causes inversion.

A
  • TA

- TB

66
Q

List the movement of the foot.

A
  • Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.

- Eversion and inversion.

67
Q

At which joint does dorsiflexion and plantar flexion occur?

A

Ankle joint

68
Q

At which joint does eversion and inversion occurs?

A

-Talo-Calcaneo-Navicular joint

Medicine life cycle (11 decks)

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