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Medicine life cycle > Anatomy- Leg--Week 9 > Flashcards

Anatomy- Leg--Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dermatome of the medial side of the leg?

A

-L4

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2
Q

What is the dermatomes of the lateral side of the leg?

A

-L5

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3
Q

What is the dermatome of the back of the leg?

A

-S2 upper part and S1 lower part of the leg.

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4
Q

Where is the deep fascia thickened around? How many retinacula is formed

A
  • Around the ankle

- 5 retinacula

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5
Q

List the 5 retinacula formed.

A
  • 2 extensor retinacula: Superior and inferior.
  • 2 peroneal retinacula: Superior and inferior.
  • Flexor retinaculum: medial side of the ankle joint.
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6
Q

What muscles are part of the anterior compartment and what do they do?

A
  • Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum, extensor hallucis longus, and peroneus longus.
  • Dorsiflexion
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7
Q

Which nerve and artery supplies the anterior compartment?

A
  • Anterior tibial artery

- Deep peroneal nerve

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8
Q

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment and what are their jobs?

A
  • Evertors and Plantar flexors.

- They are peroneus longus and peroneus brevis.

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9
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment?

A

-Superficial peroneal nerve.

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10
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment? and are their job?

A
  • Plantar flexors
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
  • Popliteus
  • Flexor digitorum longus.
  • Flexor hallucis longus.
  • Tibialis posterior
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11
Q

Nerve that supplies the posterior compartment of the leg.

A

-Tibial nerve

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12
Q

What is the origin of tibialis anterior?

A

-upper half of the tibia

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13
Q

What is the origin of extensor digitorum, extensor hallucis longus, and peroneus longus?

A

-All originate from the fibula.

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14
Q

Where is tibialis anterior inserted in?

A
  • Medial cuneiform bone.

- Parts of the first metatarsal bone

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15
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior?

A

-Inversion and dorsiflexion.

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16
Q

Where is extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • Inserted into 4 slips.

- Middle and distal phalanges of the 4 toes.

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17
Q

What is extensor hallucis longus?

A

-Distal phalanx of the big toe

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18
Q

Peroneus longus insertion

A

Dorsum of the 5th metatarsal.

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19
Q

Action of extensor digitorum longus

A

-extension of the lateral 4 toes

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20
Q

Action of extensor hallucis longus

A

Extension of the big toe(hallux)

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21
Q

Peroneus tertius

A

eversion of the foot

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22
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Upward movement of the foot.

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23
Q

Plantar flexor

A

Downward movement of the foot.

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24
Q

What is the origin of anterior tibial artery?

A
  • It is one of the two terminal branches of the popliteal artery.
  • At the distal border of the popliteus.
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25
Where is the termination of anterior tibial artery?
Continues as dorsalis pedis artery.
26
List the branches of anterior tibial artery.
- Posterior tibial recurrent artery: shares in anastomosis around the knee joint - Anterior tibial recurrent artery: shares in anastomosis around the knee joint - Muscular branches: supplies muscles of the anterior compartment. - Anterior medial malleolar artery: Shares in anastomosis around the ankle. - Anterior lateral malleolar artery: Shares in anastomosis around the ankle.
27
The origin of the deep peroneal nerve
- One of the 2 terminal branches of the common peroneal nerve. - lateral side of the neck of the fibula.
28
Termination of the deep peroneal nerve
Divides into medial and lateral branches
29
The muscles deep peroneal nerve supplies to.
- Muscles: Anterior compartment. - Articular: ankle joints of foot. - Cutaneous branch: Adjacent sides of big toe and second toe
30
What is the effect of lesion to to peroneal nerve?
-Paralysis of the dorsiflexors. Loss of dorsiflexion resulting in foot drop.
31
How many muscles are in the lateral compartments?
- 2 - Peroneus Longus - Peroneus Brevis
32
What is the origin of peroneus longus muscle?
-Upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula.
33
Where is the peroneus longus muscle inserted at?
-Crosses the sole of the foot to be inserted into the medial cuneiform bone.
34
Where is the peroneus brevis muscle inserted at?
-Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone.
35
What are the actions of the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis?
- Plantar flexion of the foot - Eversion of the foot. - Peroneus longus muscle supports the transverse arch of the foot.
36
What is the origin of superficial peroneal nerve?
-One of the 2 branches of the common peroneal nerve.
37
What is the landmark of superficial peroneal nerve?
- Takes origin: Lateral side of the neck of the fibula deep to the peroneus longus - Descends between peroneus longus and brevis - Descends in front of extensor retinaculum and runs on the dorsum of the foot.
38
Branches the peroneal nerve supplies to?
- Cutaneous branches | - Muscular branches
39
What doe the muscular branch of the superficial peroneal nerve supply to?
-Lateral compartment, PL and PB.
40
What doe the cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve supply to?
Middle of the dorsum of foot.
41
Meaning of dorsum?
Dorsum (anatomy), the upper side of an animal, or the back in erect organisms.
42
Dorsum of the toes: | Lateral side of the little toe.
Sural nerve
43
Dorsum of the toes: | Sides of the big toe and second toe
Deep peroneal nerve
44
Dorsum of the toes: | Remaining parts of the toe is.
Superficial peroneal nerve.
45
How many superficial muscles does the back of the leg have?
3
46
How many deep muscles does the back of the leg have?
4
47
What is the nerve that supplies to the superficial muscles?
Tibial nerve
48
What is the artery that supplies to the superficial muscles?
Posterior tibial artery
49
List the superficial muscles.
- GPS - gastrocnemius - soleus - plantaris
50
The origin of gastrocnemius.
- 2 heads | - Lower end of the femur.
51
The origin of soleus.
From the tibia below the soleal line.
52
The origin of plantaris
Popliteus surface above lateral condyle.
53
What 2 superficial muscles form tendocalcaneus?
Gastrocnemius and Soleus. Inserted into the middle of the back of the calcaneus.
54
List the 4 deep muscles at the back of leg.
- Popliteus - Flexor digitorum longus - Flexor hallucis longus - Tibialis posterior.
55
Origin of popliteus
Below lateral condyle
56
What is the main action of the popliteus?
- Unlocking of the knee joint. | - Flexion of the knee joint.
57
What are the main planter flexors in superficial muscles?
-Gastrocnemius and soleus.
58
What is flexor retinaculum?
A thickened band of deep fascia on the medial side of the ankle joint.
59
Where is the flexor retinaculum attached at?
- From medial malleolus. | - To calcaneus.
60
What is the function of flexor retinaculum?
- Keeps flexor tendons in position. | - Prevents projection of tendons during plantar flexion and inversion.
61
List the structures passing deep to the flexor retinaculum.
- Toms=Tibialis posterior - Dog is=Flexor digitorum longus - Very=Posterior tibial vessels - Nice and =Tibial nerve - Happy=Flexor hallucis longus
62
What is the rule regarding the tendons anterior or posterior to the medial malleolus?
- It causes inversion | - Like TA and TP
63
What is the rule regarding the tendons anterior or posterior to the lateral malleolus?
- Causes eversion | - Like PL, PB and PT.
64
List the muscles that causes eversion.
- Peroneus longus - Peroneus brevis - Peroneus tertius.
65
List the muscles that causes inversion.
- TA | - TB
66
List the movement of the foot.
- Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. | - Eversion and inversion.
67
At which joint does dorsiflexion and plantar flexion occur?
Ankle joint
68
At which joint does eversion and inversion occurs?
-Talo-Calcaneo-Navicular joint

Medicine life cycle (11 decks)

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