Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory receptors respond to external/internal stimuli by sending nerve impulses to brain and spinal cord

A

Sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Brain and CNS process stimuli from receptors all over the body.
Brain prioritizes stimuli, responds appropriately

A

Integration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The CNS signals muscles (causing contractions) or glands (secretions) and organs

A

motor and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nervous system is responsible for ____

A

mental activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Brain is the control center and helps the body conditions stay stable

A

Homestasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Spinal cord and brain

A

Central Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contains most of the cell bodies of neurons, Consists of 100 billion neurons and 1000 billion neuroglia,

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The support and nourishing cells.

A

Neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Send electrical & chemical signals

A

Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Connects to Spinal Cord

A

Brain Stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Posterior to Brainstem

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal gland, above brain stem

A

Diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Spreads over diencephalon, R and L hemispheres, connected.

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Connects hemispheres of brain

A

corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Responsible for right side of body, math, analytrical skills, and speech

A

Left Hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Controls left side of body, responsible for music, art, abstract ideas

A

Right Hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • Surface of cerebrum, composed of gray matter, cell bodies.
  • Convoluted, has no nerve tracts just cell bodies
  • Contains billions of neurons arranged in six layers
  • Senses, controls voluntary movement and consciousness
  • Contains motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas
  • Accounts for 40% of brain mass
A

Cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

folds, increase surface area.

A

Gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

grooves

A

Sulci/sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Controls voluntary motor

functions, aggression, moods, smell, personality.

A

Frontal Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Evaluates sensory input such as

touch, pain, pressure, temp., taste. Involved in math and spatial reasoning.

A

Parietal Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Responsible for Vision

A

Occipital Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hearing, smell, memory

A

Temporal Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Deep to lateral sulcus. Taste, emotions, speech, and possibly awareness of balance and head position in space.

A

Insula Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Maintains homeostasis by regulating thirst, hunger, sleep, temperature, water balance.

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

receives sensory information (all except smell) integrates & sends to cerebrum. Relay center for sensory information. Involved in arousal, memory and emotions.

A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Secretes melatonin and regulates the body’s circadian rhythm.

A

Pineal Gland

28
Q

The master gland

A

Pituitary Gland

29
Q

Second largest structure in the brain. Processes and coordinates movement: critical for balance. Problems with it may be linked to autism

A

Cerebellum

30
Q

Oldest, most primitive region of the brain. Consists of medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. Controls basics: consciousness, sleep, breathing, blood pressure, vomiting.

A

Brain Stem

31
Q

Two types of nervous system

A

Somatic and Automatic

32
Q

Neurons always arise in CNS (no

ganglion) and synapse onto a skeletal
muscle. Voluntary or involuntary (reflexes)

A

Somatic Nervous System

33
Q

Self-governing – not under voluntary control (subconscious); Homeostasis

A

Autonomic Nervous System

34
Q

important in an emergency - accelerates heart rate, dilates bronchi, pupils. Norepinephrine (NE) is the neurotransmitter.

A

Sympathetic division of the ANS

35
Q

“Rest and digest”. Slows heart-rate, promotes digestion. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter

A

Parasympathetic division of the ANS

36
Q

structures that encase and protect brain and spinal cord.

A

Meninges

37
Q

tough white fibrous connective tissue lies next to skull and vertebrae.

A

Dura

38
Q

Closest to brain and spinal cord.

A

Pia

39
Q

web-like sturcture of meningies

A

arachnoid membrane

40
Q

in between arachnoid membrane, contains cerebralspinal fluid (CSF)

A

Subarachnoid space

41
Q

excessive CSF, blockages can occur, ventricles in brain enlarge

A

hydrocephalus

42
Q

gap between end buttons and
target (muscle or another neuron). Includes
end bulb and target tissue.

A

synapse

43
Q

Mostly nerve endings, few cell bodies, divided into afferent divisions, sensory and efferent.

A

Peripheral Nervous System

44
Q

Going to CNS

A

sensory

45
Q

Motor, moving away from CNS

A

efferent

46
Q

recieve signals from other neurons, tree shaped

A

dendrites

47
Q

has nucleus, where signal is generated

A

cell body

48
Q

nerve signal is conducted towards axon buttons

A

axon

49
Q

axon’s insulation (glial cells)

A

myelin sheath

50
Q

unmylenated axon between mylein sheath, speeds up nerve impulse.

A

nodes of ranvier

51
Q

(in end bulb) are the chemicals that conduct signal from neuron to target.

A

Neurotransmitter

52
Q

long axons bundled together with

connective tissue into cord-like fibers in PNS.

A

nerves

53
Q

long axons bundled together in CNS

A

tracts

54
Q

a difference in overall charge between inside cell and outside the cell

A

Resting potential

55
Q

Each cells resting potential is approximately

A

-70 millivolts

56
Q

works by binding to voltage-gated sodium channels & blocking them so action potentials cannot pass from pain receptors.

A

Novocaine, Lidocaine and

Articaine

57
Q

Over 100 have been identified, 10 involved in human physiology. ACh and NE

A

neurotransmitter

58
Q

Most cells are ____ charged compared to their extracellular environment

A

negatively charged

59
Q

The neuron receives a signal from another neuron, initiates

A

action potential

60
Q

Action potential converts neurons from

A

negatively charged to positively charged

61
Q

which ions are responsible for the action potential?

A

sodium and potassium

62
Q

positive change in voltage, caused by sodium entering the cell.

A

depolarization

63
Q

return to negative voltage, caused by potassium leaving the cell. sodium channels close, cell returns to normal

A

repolarization

64
Q

contain neurotransmitters which are released to transfer signal to muscle or another nueron

A

axon terminal

65
Q

A reflex is caused by which NS?

A

Somatic NS

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions