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Anatomy and Physiology > Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Can contract, movement possible, can move entire body and within body.

A

muscle tissue

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2
Q

Supports the body, moves bones, maintains body temperature, movement of cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels, Protection of bones, organs, joints. Communication.

A

function of skeletal muscle

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3
Q

______ are Long, cylindrical, Multinucleated, can be very long, striated.

A

muscle fibers

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4
Q

Number of muscle fibers remains ____ after birth

A

constant

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5
Q

Enlargement of muscles due to increase in ____ not number

A

size (hypertrophy)

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6
Q

surrounds entire muscle, becomes part of fascia (separates muscles from each other), extends to form tendons

A

epimysium

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7
Q

surface area =

A

volume ratio

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8
Q

surrounds bundles of muscle fibers

A

perimysium

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9
Q

thin layer of aerolar connective tissue, surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber

A

endomysium

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10
Q

bundles of myofilaments

A

myofibril

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11
Q

contractile unit

A

sarcomere

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12
Q

cell membrane of muscle cell

A

sarcolemma

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13
Q

cytoplasm of muscle cell. Glycogen,

myoglobin and organelles found here

A

sarcoplasm

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14
Q

cylindrical in shape and run the length of the

muscle fiber. increase in size when you lift weights

A

myofibril

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15
Q

endoplasmic reticulum of muscle

cell. Contains calcium & critical for muscle contraction

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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16
Q

extension of sarcolemma that extends into the

muscle fiber, conveys impulses that cause SR to release CA2+

A

T-tubules

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17
Q

the contractile unit of a muscle cell.
There are many per myofibril. Defined by “Z-line”
boundaries.

A

sarcomere

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18
Q 
red pigment that stores oxygen for
muscle contraction (like hemoglobin)
A

myoglobin

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19
Q

composed of several hundred

molecules of myosin (shaped like golf clubs)

A

thick filament

20
Q

composed of actin.
has two proteins associated with it: troponin and
tropomyosin. Released into blood during heart attack

A

thin filament

21
Q

The theory that describes how actin and myosin slide past each other in a muscle contraction

A

sliding filament theory

22
Q

both myosin and actin _____ during a muscle contraction

A

stay the same size

23
Q

True/False: ATP is Required for Muscle Contraction

A

True

24
Q

A bands (myosin) _____ during shortening of a muscle

A

remain a constant width

25
Q

I bands and H zones become

A

more narrow (gaps between actin molecules close)

26
Q

Z lines (boundaries of sarcomere) move

A

closer together

27
Q

all along the myofibril are many ____

A

sarcomeres

28
Q

muscle cell has many ___

A

myofibrils

29
Q

myofibril has many ____

A

myofilaments, actin + myosin, proteins

30
Q

Neurotransmitter responsible for muscular contractions

A

ACH (Acetylchloline)

31
Q

ACh binds to receptors on ______ on sarcolemma, generating an impulse in sarcolemma

A

motor end plate

32
Q

Energy for muscle contractions is supplied by ____

A

ATP

33
Q

Energy is released when ___

A

ATP > ADP + Pi

34
Q

ATP helps form ____ between myosin and actin

A

cross-bridge formation

35
Q

New ATP must bind to ____ before cross-bridge is released

A

myosin

36
Q

When a person or animal dies, No ATP is available to release cross-bridges, stiffness

A

rigor mortis

37
Q

Muscles always have a point of ___ where they crom from, this is stationairy bone; close to midline

A

origin

38
Q

Have a point of ____ this bone moves and is away from the midline

A

insertion

39
Q

the one muscle in group that does most of the work

A

prime mover

40
Q

other muscles that help are called

A

syngerists

41
Q

do opposite tasks

A

antagonists

42
Q

long, cylindrical, can be very long, striated, multinucleated

A

skeletal muscle

43
Q

narrow, tapered, cylindrical. nonstriated, walls of organs and blood vessels

A

smooth muscle

44
Q

sriated, cylindrical, branched, uninucleated fibers.

A

cardiac muscle

45
Q

What mediates impulses in sarcolemma?

A

sodium NA+

46
Q

Calcium is released from ________

A

Sarcoplasmic Recticulum

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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