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anatomy and physiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

most superficial layer of skin, avascular, made of epithelial tissue. consists of 5 layers

A

epidermis

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2
Q

most superficial layer of epidermis, 20-30 layers of dead squamous cells

A

stratum corneum

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3
Q

single layer of cells on top of the dermis, constantly divides and produces new cells.

A

stratum basale

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4
Q

second layer within skin, composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

A

dermis

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5
Q

Lies below dermis, not part of skin, contains loose CT and adipose, attaches skin to muscle and bone

A

hypodermis

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6
Q

underneath the skin

A

subcutaneous

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7
Q

special dendritic cells in stratum basale, phagocytize microbes

A

langerhan cells

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8
Q

produce melanin, responsible for skin colour

A

melanocytes

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9
Q

produce and store thick waterproof protein called keratin

A

keratinocytes

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10
Q

new cells with keratin, push old cells to surface. produce layer of hard dead cells.

A

keratinization

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11
Q

autoimmune disease, immune cells trigger epidermis to divide too quickly.

A

psoriasis

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12
Q

thickened area of stratum corneum, forms when exposed to frequent friction

A

callus

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13
Q

when stratum corneum thickens over bony prominence

A

corn

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14
Q

upper part of the dermis, projections, contain blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles

A

dermal papilae

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15
Q

Develop when there is constant pressure on single area of skin, blood supply to dermis is blocked

A

debcubitus ulcers

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16
Q

Types of injections

A

subcutaenous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous

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17
Q

absence of melanin due to genetics

A

Albinism

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18
Q

yellow-orange pigment, fat soluble, collects in lipids of stratum corneum

A

carotene

19
Q

blue colour due to low oxygen or blockage of blood vessels

A

cyanosis

20
Q

patches of depigmentation, melanocytes die or are unable to function

A

vitiligo

21
Q

excessive hairiness in women

A

hirsutism

22
Q

sweat glands, two subtypes, present in all regions of skin except nipples and parts of genitalia.

A

sudoriferous

23
Q

numerous in palms and soles. sweat is mostly water, helps lower body temperature

A

eccrine sweat glands

24
Q

inactive until puberty, contain sweat and secretion rich in organic substances. source of body odour

A

apocrine glands

25
Q

associated with hair follicle, produce oil or sebum, lubricates skin, hair.

A

sebaceous glands

26
Q

hair thinning and baldness

A

alpoecia

27
Q

hair follicles attacked by immune system

A

alopecia areata

28
Q

hormonal balding, male pattern baldness

A

androgenic alopecia

29
Q

fast flowing sebum, overactive sebaceous glands

A

sebhorrea

30
Q

most common type of skin cancer, cells in stratum basale affected, rarely metastasize and 95% easily cured

A

basal cell carcinoma

31
Q

cells above stratum basale affected, sometimes metastasizes, kills 1% of cases, warts and scabs

A

squamous cell carcinoma

32
Q

Arises from melanocytes in mole, very deadly unless caught early

A

maligant melanoma

33
Q

form of skin cancer commonly found in people with weak immune systems

A

kaposi’s sarcoma

34
Q

damage only epidermis, mild pain and erythema, no blisters. heals within 3-6 days

A

first degree burn

35
Q

destroys epidermis and part of upper dermis, redness, pain, edema, blisters. epidermis seperates, 3-4 weeks

A

second degree burn

36
Q

destroys epidermis and dermis, most skin functions lost. burned areas are marble white or charred

A

third degree burn

37
Q

destroys tissues down to the bone, very unlikely to survive.

A

fourth degree burn

38
Q

body temperature below normal, uncontrolled shivering, pulse slows

A

hypothermia

39
Q

body temperature above normal, heat exhaustion and heat stroke

A

hyperthermia

40
Q

cytokine, mediators of inflammation after injury

A

histamine

41
Q

redness of skin

A

erythema

42
Q

swelling of skin

A

edema

43
Q

dried clot

A

scab

44
Q

dead white blood cells, other cells, fluid

A

pus

anatomy and physiology (21 decks)

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