Exam Deck Chemistry Flashcards
substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.
element
positively charged, determined by atomic number
protons
no charge, add to mass number
neutron
negatively charged, equal to protons except for ions
electrons
smallest form of an element
atom
positively charged, more protons than electrons
cations
negatively charged, less protons than electrons
anions
atoms that have gained or lost an electron
ions
atoms that have different mass numbers from each other
isotopes
any atom with unstable number of neutrons, used in medical imaging
radioisotopes
two or more atoms bonded together by covalent or ionic bonds
molecules
formed between ions
ionic bonds
sharing of electrons between two or more atoms
covalent bonds
commonly form between two or more polar water molecules
hydrogen bonds
electrons are shared equally (H2, O2, CH4)
non polar covalent bond
electrons are shared unequally, (H2O)
polar covalent bond
solvent for ions and polar molecules, facilitates chemical reactions. Have cohesion and adhesion. Have high specific heat capacity and high heat of vaporization
properties of water
ability of one water molecule to stick to another water molecule
cohesion
ability for water molecule’s ability to stick to something else
adhesion
measures how much acidity (H+ ions) in a solution
pH scale
accept H+ ions or release hydroxide ions (OH-), pH above 7
basic
release H+ ions, pH below 7
acidic
Physiologic pH is..
7.4
pH under 7.35
acidosis
pH over 7.45
alkalosis
help maintain pH by reversibly absorbing excess H+ or OH- Ions in a solution
buffers
can absorb or lose a lot of energy before temperature changes
high specific heat
