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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

All begin with a stimulus, physical or chemical.
Sensory receptor converts stimulus to a change in resting potential
Signals (action potentials) are sent to the CNS
Unconsciously or consciously perceived.

A

Sensory Pathway

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2
Q 
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors 
Chemoreceptors 
Photoreceptors
A

Types of Sensory Receptors

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3
Q

mechanoreceptors involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone, tell us limb positions

A

Proprioceptors

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4
Q

receptors in skin and skeletal muscles. Respond to mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical damage

A

Somatic Nociceptors

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5
Q

Respond to excessive stretching of internal organs (stomach too full), oxygen deprivation, and chemicals (prostaglandins) released by damaged tissues. Deep Receptors

A

Visceral nociceptors

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6
Q

Pain originates at different point than actual source (heart attack)

A

referred pain

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7
Q

Somatic pain receptors are on _____ nerve pathway(s) as visceral pain receptors.

A

same

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8
Q

oval structures on tongue papillae, pharynx, palate, epiglottis.

A

taste buds

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9
Q

5 flavors taste buds can detect.

A

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami

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10
Q

What cranial nerves send taste signals

A

Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X

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11
Q

Sense of smell

A

olfication

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12
Q

Specialized cells (modified neurons) with cilia lie on roof of _____

A

nasal cavity

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13
Q

Odors dissolve in _____ and bind to specific receptors on cilia.

A

mucus

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14
Q

1000 different types of ______ that can detect at least 10,000 smells.

A

olfactory receptors

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15
Q

humans can detect how many smells?

A

10,000

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16
Q

Sense of taste is called?

A

Gustation

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17
Q

Total number of receptors in human is

A

6 million

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18
Q

What cranial nerve goes to the temporal lobe?

A

Cranial Nerve I

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19
Q

What system does olfaction have direct connections to?

A

limbic system for emotion and memory

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20
Q

Outer layer of eye, white and fibrous except for transparent cornea region in front of eye (window)

A

sclera

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21
Q

Middle, vascular layer. Becomes iris in the front which regulates the pupil size.

A

Choroid

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22
Q

Inner layer - with photoreceptors. Covers the posterior portion of the eye.

A

retina

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23
Q

Detect light

A

rod cells

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24
Q

detect color and are important in fine/ high resolution vision

A

cone cells

25
Q

attached to ciliary body, divides eye into anterior and posterior compartments

A

lens

26
Q

In front of lens – filled w/ aqueous humor. Provide nutrients for eye surface, holds lens in place

A

anterior compartment

27
Q

filled with vitreous humor, contains retina. Holds retina in place.

A

posterior compartment

28
Q

What is the function of the eye

A

sensory receptor, focuses light on light sensitive surface. opening can be adjusted to change amount of light

29
Q

Where is the light appropriately focused on the eye

A

retina

30
Q

What is the function of the vitreous humour

A

keeps eyeball in place

31
Q

What disease occurs when there is too much aqueous humor

A

Glaucoma

32
Q

What happens to the lens and the ciliary muscle when objects are viewed up close?

A

Ciliary muscle contracts and rounds
the lens when viewing close up
objects (accomodation)

33
Q

pinna, auditory canal, produce ear wax

A

outer ear

34
Q

begins at tympanic membrane and ends at body wall containing two small openings covered by membranes

A

middle ear

35
Q

Semicircular canals and vestibule.

A

inner ear

36
Q

Where is there fluid located normally in the ear?

A

Inner ear

37
Q

Where is air located normally in the ear>

A

Outer and middle ear

38
Q

What is the purpose of semicircular canals?

A

detect rotational and angular movements of head

39
Q

What is the purpose of the vestibule

A

detect lineral movement of the head in any direction.

40
Q

What happens to the lens and the ciliary muscle when objects are viewed far away

A

Ciliary muscle relaxes when viewing

distant objects

41
Q

Sensory receptor for pressure and movement

A

Mechanoreceptors

42
Q

Sensory receptor for temperature

A

Thermoreceptors

43
Q

Sensory receptor for pain

A

Nociceptors

44
Q

Sensory receptor for chemicals

A

Chemoreceptors

45
Q

Sensory receptor for light

A

Photoreceptors

46
Q

Cones are primarily located in the

A

fovea centralis

47
Q

Point of clearest vision on retina

A

Macula lutea

48
Q

Area of greatest visual acuity, lots of cones

A

fovea centralis

49
Q

Nearsightedness, rays focus in front of retina

A

myopia

50
Q

farsightedness, rays focus behind retina

A

hyperopia

51
Q

Uneven cornea, rays don’t focus evenly

A

astigmatism

52
Q

in rods a chemical change in _____ leads to nerve impulses

A

rhodopsin

53
Q

Rods are important for

A

peripheral and night vision

54
Q

Which vitamin helps make rhodopsin components

A

Vitamin A

55
Q

Cones allow us to detect

A

fine detail and color

56
Q

Color vision depends on three different

cones containing pigments called

A

B (blue)
R (red)
G (green)

57
Q

where optic nerve exits the retina, no rods and cones here.

A

optic disc

58
Q

Inside the _____ fluid movement causes stereocilia to bend, which activates hair cell to transmit action potentials to cranial nerve VIII

A

cochlea

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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