Exam Deck Cell Biology Flashcards
larger, 2.1 bya, contains nucleus, organelles
eukaryotic cell
small, evolved 3.5 bya, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles, but does have ribosomes
prokaryotic cell
Each of these has a unique job in a cell
organelle
Perform protein synthesis in the cell
ribosomes
Modifies products of ER and packages materials into vesciles
golgi apparatus
Breaks down unusable macromolecules and organelles, acidic pH
lyosome
transports materials
vesicles
vesicle containing oxidative enzymes
peroxisomes
makes proteins for secretion, such as insulin
rough ER
Supports cell, holds organelles in place, helps cell change shape and move
cytoskeleton
Similar to cilia, but longer, one per cell, move the cell itself in wave like fashion
flagella
Project from cell surface, moves materials over the cell surface. Abundant in fallopian tubes and respiratory tract
cilia
Specialized extensions of cell membrane, supported by microtubes
microvilli
High to low concentration, concentration gradient, CO2 or O2, requires no energy
diffusion
High to low concentration, water moves to dilute, only H2O, requires no energy
osmosis
Like diffusion, but a protein helps the molecule across the CM. Requires no energy
facilitated transport/diffusion
Separates cell from substances surrounding cell
cell membrane
Cell engulfs particle
endocytosis
Cell eating solids
phagocytosis
Particles leave cell by vesicles fusing with CM
exocytosis
Compares solutes outside of the cell to inside the cell
tonicity
More solutes inside cell than outside the cell
hypotonic
more solutes outside the cell than inside
hypertonic
solutes inside and outside the cell are the same
isotonic
Cell splits into two daughter cells identical to the parent.
mitosis
Only sex cells divide this way
meiosis
creates pores between cells, chemical and electrical signals pass rapidly
gap junctions
tight junctions, zipper like, CM of adjacent cell partially fuse
intracellular junctions
extremely strong junctions
anchoring junctions
