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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

skull, spine, hyoid and rib cages

A

axial skeleton

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2
Q

bones of upper and lower limbs

A

appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

illium, ischium

A

pelvic girdle

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4
Q

scapula, clavicle

A

pectoral girdle

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5
Q

longer than wide, upper and lower limbs

A

long bone

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6
Q

cube shaped, wrist, metacarpals, ankle

A

short bone

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7
Q

thin, flattened shape, skull, scapulae, sternum

A

flat bone

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8
Q

varied shapes, vertebrae and facial bones

A

irregular bone

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9
Q

circular, patella

A

round bone

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10
Q

large sugars that are attached to proteins and store large amounts of water

A

proteoglycans

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11
Q

rope like protein, joints have cartilage containing this

A

collagen

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12
Q

dense irregular connective tissue, contains blood vessels and nerves, covers bones outer surface

A

periosteum

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13
Q

ends of bone, spongy tissue

A

epiphysis

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14
Q

central shaft, main portion of long bone, compact tissue

A

diaphysis

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15
Q

rigid elements of the skeleton meet here, join bone to bone, most flexible points of any skeleton

A

articulation

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16
Q

site of growth in long bones, composed of hylaine cartilage, between diaphysis and epiphysis, fuses to this when growth ends

A

epithelial plate/line

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17
Q

center of diaphysis, filled with red or yellow marrow

A

medullary cavity

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18
Q

thin connective tissue membrane that lines medullary cavity

A

endosteum

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19
Q

consists of blood

A

red marrow

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20
Q

consists of fat

A

yellow marrow

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21
Q

forms diaphysis of long bones, composed of osteons

A

compact bone

22
Q

forms epiphyses of long bone, medullary cavity of other bones, lighter and no osteons.

A

spongy bone

23
Q

form strong lacy network with many small marrow filled spaces, avascular

A

trabeculae

24
Q

structural units of compact bone, sheets of bone wrapped upon itself

A

osteon

25
Q

unspecialized cells present in perosteum, endosteum and central canal

A

osteoprogenitor cell

26
Q

cell with single nucleus, builds up one

A

osteoblasts

27
Q

bones are first modeled in hyaline cartilage, then replaced gradually by bone. all bones form this way from the skull down (except clavicles)

A

enchocondral ossification

28
Q

bones form between fibrous connective tissue without being modeled by cartilage, skull, lateral clavicles.

A

intramembraneous ossification

29
Q

osteoblasts add more matrix to outer surface of bone, causes increase in bone width, makes bone thicker and stronger

A

appositonal growth

30
Q

bone is broken, blood vessels are damaged and bleed, clot forms. 6-8 hours

A

hematoma

31
Q

2-3 days after break, fibrocartilage fills space between broken bone

A

fibrocartilaginous callus

32
Q

osteoblasts enter callus and form spongy bone, 3-4 months

A

bony callus

33
Q

osteoblasts build new compact bone, osteoclasts reabsorb spongy bone and create new medullary cavity

A

remodeling

34
Q

secreted by parathyroid if blood calcium is too low

A

Parathyroid Hormone

35
Q

secreted by thyroid if blood calcium is too high

A

Calcitonin

36
Q

bone broken through and separated into two parts

A

complete fracture

37
Q

if bone is not completely separated

A

incomplete fracture

38
Q

the bone does not pierce skin

A

simple fracture

39
Q

bone pierces skin

A

compound fracture

40
Q

broken ends of bone are wedged into each other

A

impacted fracture

41
Q

ragged break due to twisting of bone

A

spiral fracture

42
Q

no joint cavity, little to no movement, cranium

A

fibrous articulations

43
Q

joined by hyaline or fibrocartilage, no joint activity, only slightly movable, like on spine

A

carilaginous articulations

44
Q

joint eggs, freely movable, fluid filled cavity

A

synovial articulation

45
Q

lined with synovial membrane, produced synovial fluid,

A

joint cavity

46
Q

cells in osteons, previously osteoblasts now surrounded by bone

A

osteocytes

47
Q

uric acid cells deposit into joints

A

gout

48
Q

autoimmune disease which leads to inflammation in synovial membrane

A

rheumatoid arthritis

49
Q

caused by deterioration of articular cartilage

A

osteoarthritis

50
Q

thinning bones

A

osteoporosis

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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