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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Much of what is known about cell biology, cancer and genetics of cancer is from research on…

A

HeLa Cells

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2
Q

groups of similar cells

A

Tissue

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3
Q

responds to stimuli, sends signals

A

nervous tissue

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4
Q

contracts and moves body parts

A

muscle tissue

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5
Q

tightly packed cells, protects body from injury, regulates exchange between internal and external

A

characteristics of epithelial tissue

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6
Q

one layer of cells and a basement membrane

A

simple

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7
Q

more than one layer of cells

A

stratified

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8
Q

flat, scale like

A

squamous

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9
Q

equal in height and width

A

cuboidal

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10
Q

taller than wide

A

columnar

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11
Q

Filters, diffuses, osmosis

A

simple squamous epithelium

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12
Q

Protection from abrasion, protection from water loss, in skin

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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13
Q

Lining of esophagus outer layer is living and moist

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

found in kidneys, secretion and absorption

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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15
Q

found in digestive system, protects, secretes, absorbs

A

simple columnar epithelium

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16
Q

protein sheet secreted by epithelial cells

A

basal lamina

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17
Q

basement membrane contains these two parts

A

basal lamina, reticular fibers

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18
Q

can expand from 6 layers thick to 3 layers thick, found in bladder

A

Transitional epithelium

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19
Q

outer layer is dead and dry

A

keratinized

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20
Q

outer layer is living and moist

A

non-keratinized

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21
Q

these secrete mucus

A

goblet cells

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22
Q

lines respiratory tract

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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23
Q

release hormones internally into bloodstream

A

endocrine glands

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24
Q

have ducts outside the body, puts products onto skin

A

exocrine glands

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25
Q

increase surface area absorption or secretion

A

microvilli

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26
Q

moves materials across surface

A

cilia

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27
Q

study of cells

A

cytology

28
Q

study of tissues

A

histology

29
Q

composed of organic ground substance with fibers and proteins, varies from solid to fluid, small numbers of cells

A

Extracellular Matrix

30
Q

gives fibres flexibility and strength

A

collagen fibers

31
Q

not as strong but more flexible, important in blood vessels and luings

A

elastin fibers

32
Q

very thin, highly branched, form delicate support networks

A

reticular fibers

33
Q

found between muscles, glands nerves; beneath skin

A

aerolar connective tissue

34
Q

infection that results in death of body’s soft tissue

A

narcotizing fasciitis

35
Q

found beneath skin, insulates, fat storage and cushioning, little ECM

A

adipose tissues

36
Q

parallel matrix of collagen fibers, tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses, binds organs together and poorly vasculalized

A

dense regular CT

37
Q

found in skin, very strong bundle of fibers going in opposite directions

A

dense irregular CT

38
Q

cartilage cells, in a collagen matrix that provides flexibility, support and strength

A

chondrocytes

39
Q

strong, durable, flexible, in ends of long bones, anterior ends of ribs. Supports and protects

A

hyaline cartilage

40
Q

Many elastic fibers as well as collagen, external ears, epiglottis

A

Elastic cartilage

41
Q

matrix with strong collagen fibers, absorbs shock, intervertebral discs, knees

A

fibrocartilage

42
Q

in bones of skeleton, cells arranged in cylindrical manner around a central canal, support, protection and mineral storage

A

compact bone

43
Q

Collagen plus calcium calts, arranged in trabeculae

A

spongy bone

44
Q

striated and cylindrical, voluntary control

A

skeletal muscle tissue

45
Q

non-striated, spindle-shaped, walls of hollow organs

A

smooth muscle tissue

46
Q

striated, cylindrical and branched

A

cardiac muscle tissue

47
Q

send and receive input throughout the body

A

neurons

48
Q

support cells to neurons

A

glial cells

49
Q

epithelial tissue, lines interior walls of organs and tubes that open to outside of body

A

mucous membrane

50
Q

smooth squamous cells over loose CT, lines cavities and organs.

A

serous membrane

51
Q

lines freely movable joints

A

synovial membrane

52
Q

composed only of CT, serve as protective covering for brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

53
Q

skin, outer covering of body

A

cutaneous membranes

54
Q

new cells are the same as those lost, damaged site may be completely repaired

A

regeneration

55
Q

new type of tissue development causing scar production and loss of function

A

replacement

56
Q

uncontrolled growth, caused by DNA damage. grows at cost of surrounding tissues, can metastasize

A

characteristics of cancer

57
Q

piece breaks off and is mobilized by blood stream or lymphatic system, may grow in another organ

A

metastases

58
Q

when cancer cells create blood vessels to feed itself

A

angiogenesis

59
Q

cell suicide

A

apoptosis

60
Q

CT cancer

A

sarcoma

61
Q

arising from epithelial tissue, if it has broken BM, it’s more severe

A

carcinoma

62
Q

arises from immune system

A

lymphona

63
Q

arises from immature blood cells

A

leukemia

64
Q

cancer arising from glandular tissue

A

adenocarcinoma

65
Q

connective tissue in the skin that provides O2 and nutrients to epithelium

A

dermis

Anatomy and Physiology (21 decks)

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