Chapter 4 Flashcards
Much of what is known about cell biology, cancer and genetics of cancer is from research on…
HeLa Cells
groups of similar cells
Tissue
responds to stimuli, sends signals
nervous tissue
contracts and moves body parts
muscle tissue
tightly packed cells, protects body from injury, regulates exchange between internal and external
characteristics of epithelial tissue
one layer of cells and a basement membrane
simple
more than one layer of cells
stratified
flat, scale like
squamous
equal in height and width
cuboidal
taller than wide
columnar
Filters, diffuses, osmosis
simple squamous epithelium
Protection from abrasion, protection from water loss, in skin
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Lining of esophagus outer layer is living and moist
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
found in kidneys, secretion and absorption
simple cuboidal epithelium
found in digestive system, protects, secretes, absorbs
simple columnar epithelium
protein sheet secreted by epithelial cells
basal lamina
basement membrane contains these two parts
basal lamina, reticular fibers
can expand from 6 layers thick to 3 layers thick, found in bladder
Transitional epithelium
outer layer is dead and dry
keratinized
outer layer is living and moist
non-keratinized
these secrete mucus
goblet cells
lines respiratory tract
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
release hormones internally into bloodstream
endocrine glands
have ducts outside the body, puts products onto skin
exocrine glands
increase surface area absorption or secretion
microvilli
moves materials across surface
cilia
study of cells
cytology
study of tissues
histology
composed of organic ground substance with fibers and proteins, varies from solid to fluid, small numbers of cells
Extracellular Matrix
gives fibres flexibility and strength
collagen fibers
not as strong but more flexible, important in blood vessels and luings
elastin fibers
very thin, highly branched, form delicate support networks
reticular fibers
found between muscles, glands nerves; beneath skin
aerolar connective tissue
infection that results in death of body’s soft tissue
narcotizing fasciitis
found beneath skin, insulates, fat storage and cushioning, little ECM
adipose tissues
parallel matrix of collagen fibers, tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses, binds organs together and poorly vasculalized
dense regular CT
found in skin, very strong bundle of fibers going in opposite directions
dense irregular CT
cartilage cells, in a collagen matrix that provides flexibility, support and strength
chondrocytes
strong, durable, flexible, in ends of long bones, anterior ends of ribs. Supports and protects
hyaline cartilage
Many elastic fibers as well as collagen, external ears, epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
matrix with strong collagen fibers, absorbs shock, intervertebral discs, knees
fibrocartilage
in bones of skeleton, cells arranged in cylindrical manner around a central canal, support, protection and mineral storage
compact bone
Collagen plus calcium calts, arranged in trabeculae
spongy bone
striated and cylindrical, voluntary control
skeletal muscle tissue
non-striated, spindle-shaped, walls of hollow organs
smooth muscle tissue
striated, cylindrical and branched
cardiac muscle tissue
send and receive input throughout the body
neurons
support cells to neurons
glial cells
epithelial tissue, lines interior walls of organs and tubes that open to outside of body
mucous membrane
smooth squamous cells over loose CT, lines cavities and organs.
serous membrane
lines freely movable joints
synovial membrane
composed only of CT, serve as protective covering for brain and spinal cord
meninges
skin, outer covering of body
cutaneous membranes
new cells are the same as those lost, damaged site may be completely repaired
regeneration
new type of tissue development causing scar production and loss of function
replacement
uncontrolled growth, caused by DNA damage. grows at cost of surrounding tissues, can metastasize
characteristics of cancer
piece breaks off and is mobilized by blood stream or lymphatic system, may grow in another organ
metastases
when cancer cells create blood vessels to feed itself
angiogenesis
cell suicide
apoptosis
CT cancer
sarcoma
arising from epithelial tissue, if it has broken BM, it’s more severe
carcinoma
arises from immune system
lymphona
arises from immature blood cells
leukemia
cancer arising from glandular tissue
adenocarcinoma
connective tissue in the skin that provides O2 and nutrients to epithelium
dermis
