Nervous system

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
neurons and glia

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system
peripheral nerves that go out into the body
neurons and glia

Question 3

Glia

Answer 3

chemical support for Neurons
4 in the CNS
1 in the PNS
each type has its own function

Question 4

Neurons

Answer 4

cells specialised for transmission of information

many different types of information and there are thousands of different types

Question 5

Astrocytes

Answer 5

CNS
supply nutrients to the cell 
ensheath blood capillaries 
transmit information 
star shape

Question 6

Microglia

Answer 6

immune cells for the CNS
engulf microorganisms and debris
oval with lines shape
surveys brain health and engulfs pathogens

Question 7

Ependymal cells

Answer 7

CNS
lining of the brain
line fluid filled spaces of brain and spinal cord
have cilia (hair like) processes to circulate the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
squares beside each other

Question 8

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 8

CNS
supports nerve fibres
ensheath nerve fibres with myelin
spider shape

Question 9

Schwann cell

Answer 9

PNS
supports the peripheral nerve fibres with myelin
similar to oligodendrocytes
like glad warp wrapped around he axon of the neuron
it has its own nucleus at the end of the wrapping

Question 10

Myelin sheath + Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 10

a lipid (fat) wrapped around the axon
in the CNS it comes from oligodendrocytes
in the PNS it comes from the Schwann cell
increases the conduction velocity
multiple Schwann cells in a line
NOR are the gaps between each of the Schwann cells that increase conduction.

Question 11

Structure of a Neuron

Answer 11

dendrites 
cell body 
axon 
axon terminal 
myelin sheath and nodes of Ranvier (sometimes)

Question 12

Dendrites

Answer 12

receives input signal
sends info to the cell body
squiggly bits at the top of a Neuron

Question 13

Cell body

Answer 13

contains the nucleus and the organelles
sums up the input signal and organises it.
triangle bit of the Neuron

Question 14

Axon

Answer 14

carries electrical impulses
may or may not be myelinated
long stick part of the neuron

Question 15

Axon Terminal

Answer 15

the end of the neuron/ axon
where the neurotransmitter is released
2 little sticks at the end of the long axon

Question 16

importance of Myelination

Answer 16

demyelination of nerve cells could be caused by autoimmunity or infection (immune system attacks myelin)
causes impaired nerve conduction
weakness, incoordination, visual and speech impairment

Question 17

Input zone of neuron

Answer 17

dendrites + cell body

receives the chemical signal from the neurons

Question 18

Summation zone of neuron

Answer 18

axon hillock ( bottom part of the cell body)
where the decision of weather to transmit the signal is decided
info is gathered and a decision is made

Question 19

Conduction zone of neuron

Answer 19

Axon, may be very long

carrying electrical signals between brain areas, to and from the spinal cord or to and from periphery sensor receptors

Question 20

Output zone of neuron

Answer 20

Axon terminals
contact with input zone and other neurons
release of the neurotransmitter (chemical signal)

Question 21

Multipolar Neuron

Answer 21

multiple dendrites
single axon
multiple processes from the cell body

Question 22

Bipolar axon

Answer 22

2 processes come from the cell body

one functions as a dendrite and one functions as the axon

Question 23

Unipolar axon (pseudo)

Answer 23

one process comes from the cell body then branches into the dendrite and the axon

Question 24

Synapse

Answer 24

the neurotransmitter release
includes the synaptic cleft, pre and post synaptic neurons
most common in the CNS is the Axodendritic synaptic

Question 25

Pre synaptic neuron

Answer 25

before synapse
contains synaptic vesicles (little pockets of neurotransmitter)
neurotransmitter is released from the axon terminal

Question 26

Post synaptic neuron

Answer 26

after synapse

contains the receptors for the neurotransmitters

Question 27

Afferent/ ascending

Answer 27

flow of information into the brain

Question 28

Efferent/ descending

Answer 28

Flow of information out of the brain